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Submergence Rice Cultivation in Southern Bangladesh: Farmers Opinion and Adaptations Practices

AKM Abdul Ahad Biswas
Department of Disaster Risk Management, Patuakhali science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Md. Abdullah-Al Mamun
Faculty of Disaster Management, Patuakhali science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Md. Saifur Rahman
Department of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Patuakhali science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Md. Abdus Sattar
Department of Disaster Risk Management, Patuakhali science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

AKM Mostafa Zaman
Department of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Patuakhali science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice productivity in the coastal Bangladesh is lower than the national average and total coastal area is considered to be submergence-prone and higher vulnerable in July to January cropping season. The selected study areas are Kalapara and Patuakhali Sadar Upazila that are too vulnerable to agriculture practices. Field survey was conducted during 01^st June to 30^th July, 2015 to investigate the impact of submergence on Aman rice cultivation (ARC), existing adopted local adaptation practices with impacts and options to address the submergence problem. Primary data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Individual Interview and Key Informant Interview methods and secondary data was collected from different secondary sources. A well-structured pretested questionnaire schedule was developed keeping in mind the objectives and variables under this study. After cyclone SIDR and AILA devastation, the rate of traditional ARC is decreasing every year and in 2015 it was 26.51%. Recently farmers have adopted new cropping practices and strategies like modern ARC in Aman season as single crop; Boro-Aus-Aman season as triple crop and Aus-Aman season as double crop are practicing. Approximately all farmers have adopted to grow stress tolerant rice varieties (STRV); farmer’s curiosities to familiar with and to have the STRV are encouraging. Farmers were fully adopted BRRIdhan52 rice cultivation with positive perceptions of higher yield and lower production cost. Therefore it can be concluded that the intensity of adoption of adaptation and mitigation measures are significantly influenced positively by the STRV yield capability; farmer’s participation in intervention programs; livelihood diversification; frequency of extension personnel contact; submergence and inundation characteristics; tolerance attributes of STRV and availability of STRV cultivation information.

Keywords: Adaptation; Farmers; Mitigation; Rice; Tolerant and submergence

Location: Kalapara and Patuakhali Sadar, Patuakhali and Amtoli Upazila, Barguna.

Start Date: 01-06-2015

End Date: 30-07-2015

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To gather information on the impact of submergence of Aman rice cultivation
To identify the local adaptation practices to these affects on rice cultivation

Methodology:

The study was conducted in three upazilla’s (small administrative unit)- Kalapara and Patuakhali Sadar Upazila under Patuakhali District and Amtoli Upazila under the district of Barguna. These upazila’s are crisscrossed by many rivers and sub-rivers and cannel linked with Bay of Bengal and local communities face submergence, water logging, back water effect and salinity intrusion due to heavy monsoon rains, high tides and cyclonic storm surges. A total of 6 Focus group Discussion (FGD), 2 FGD (30-35 farmers) from each upazila was done and 105 (one hundred five) households’ individual farmers (35 farmers from each upazila) were randomly selected from three study areas. Combinations of quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. A qualitative research is in-depth analysis of the problem, directed towards discovering new insights, meanings in order to understand the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of human behavior. Therefore adopted an exploratory approach through employing participant observations through physical visit, in-depth semi-structured open ended questionnaire for individual interviews and FGD to explore the development of farmer’s perception on submergence rice cultivation in the context of submergence, water logging, inundation etc and existing vulnerability in agriculture sector. Quantitative method - questionnaires, surveys and structured observation was used to address questions that were primarily formulated based on the objectives of the study.The data was collected carefully to ensure that the people who participated volunteered and were not forced to be interviewed. The methods of data collection included conduction of FGD, semi-structured individual interviews (questionnaire survey) with the community members, direct field observation and Key Informant Interviews (KII). Additional information as secondary data was pertaining to the study was attained by accessing the relevant information from media such as journal articles, research thesis, recorded data, data from different local government administrative offices-Union and Upazila Parishad. KII was done with various organizations personnel, local leaders and elites working with this issue. During data collection the following questions were focused to get the information i) types of problem raised due to submergence condition; ii) farmer’s activities to solve the problem; iii) change and trend in the present rice cultivation as compared with the past and iv) best practices adopted according to the farmers opinions about the submergence rice variety. After the completion of data collection, tabulation work including editing, coding and tabulation manually.In order to process and analyze the data, simple mathematical tools like average, percentage and tables, graphs were used to present the research findings in a meaningful ways. Data were mostly collected by recall method. To have more accurate data farmers were interviewed two times in each subject/question.

Source of Information: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT, Volume-4, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2015, ISSN 2091-2854

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJE/article/view/14107/11427

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It could be concluded that the intensity of adoption and mitigation measures are significantly influenced by the submergence and inundation profile, yield capability; farmer’s participation in intervention programs, adoption of good agronomic practices, tolerance attributes of adopted rice variety etc.

Knowledge Management: Journal