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Production of Heterotic Hybrid in Rohu (labeo Rohita) Through Strain Crossing

Md. Saifuddin Shah
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Md. Lifat Rahi
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Khandaker Anisul Huq
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

S. M. Bazlur Rahaman
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Wasim Sabbir
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

As a genetic means of aquaculture development, hybridization can increase production quickly in fishes because of heterotic effect. At the backdrop of reports on the decline of growth and reproduction of the hatchery population of Labeo rohita in Bangladesh, a 3 months study was undertaken to see the heterotic effect by intra-specific crossing among the Padma, Jamuna and Hatchery strains of rohu. Six reciprocal crosses and 3 pure crosses were obtained. The fertilization and hatching rates of the developing embryos were found better in the parental crosses than the reciprocal intra-specific hybrids. The growth performance of reciprocal crosses showed significant differences (P< 0.05) over the parental crosses. The best growth performance was observed in Padma ? X Jamuna ? hybrids; providing 72% positive heterosis. Since the growth rate of strain crossed hybrids were reasonably high, this technique can be profitably applied for the production of fast growing seed to ensure higher fish production and more profit.

Keywords: Labeo rohita; Strain crossing; Heterosis; Hybridization; Reciprocal hybrid

Location: Khulna University Campus ponds

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To produce heterotic hybrid of rohu, Labeo rohita by reciprocal strain crossing (intra-specific hybridization) among Padma, Jamuna and Hatchery strains and their growth performances were also tested in ponds.

Methodology:

Brood collection, transportation and brood stock maintenance: Sexually mature brood fishes of different strains were collected from three locations. Jamuna strain was collected from Iswardi Fish Seed Multiplication Farm, Padma strain was collected from Department of Fisheries (DoF) Jessore and hatchery strain was collected from Baluhor hatchery, Kotchandpur, Jheinadah. Ten pairs of broods (equal no. of male and female) were collected from each source. The broods were carried by some large plastic dram with aeration and then reared in the brood rearing ponds of “Fish Seed Multiplication Farm (Gallamari, Khulna)” under the Department of Fisheries, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Before stocking in the ponds, the broods were kept in a conditioning tank for 24 hours with shower. Then the broods were tagged by fin clipping at the base of the dorsal fin treated with 5ppm KMnO₄to avoid injury or infection. Supplementary feed was given at a rate of 5% of total stocked biomass twice daily. Artificial breeding and intra-specific hybridization: Induced or artificial breeding was performed by using carp pituitary hormone injection at the base of the pectoral fin. The doses were 2mg/ kg and 6mg/kg body weight for female injected at 6 hours interval while only a single dose was given to male at 2mg/ kg body weight at the time of second dose to the female. Eggs and sperm were collected by manual stripping and were mixed well in clear plastic bowls with physiological saline solution (5% dextrose and 0.9% NaCl) for proper fertilization. Intra-specific hybridization produced 9 different crosses; Cross-1: Padma X Hatchery, Cross-2: Jamuna X Jamuna , Cross-3: Padma X Jamuna, Cross-4: Hatchery X Jamuna, Cross-5: Padma X Hatchery, Cross-6: Hatchery X Hatchery, Croos-7: Padma X Padma, Croos-8: Jamuna X Hatchery, Cross-9: Padma X Jamuna. As a result, 6 reciprocal crosses and 3 parental crosses were produced. Determination of fertilization and hatching rates: Immediately after mixing, the fertilized eggs were kept in the round hatching jars of 50 liter water holding capacity. After 30 minutes of mixing the eggs were examined to determine the fertilization rate with the help of a magnifying glass. Eggs were hatched after 18-20 hours of fertilization. To count hatching rate exactly, 200 fertilized eggs were isolated and kept in some small hatching jars of 6 liter water holding capacity (5 replications for each treatment) with continuous flow. Then the actual hatching rate was determined by counting the number of hatchlings in the jars. Rearing of the spawns: The newly hatched spawns were reared in the round hatching jars up to 4th day. After 2 days of hatching, the spawns were fed with egg yolk. Then the spawns were reared in the net hapa for 4 days and released in the prepared earthen nursery rearing ponds of Khulna University. Stocking of the larvae in the ponds and feeding: The 8 day old larvae were stocked in 27 different prepared earthen ponds to check the growth performance of 9 different crosses. The stocking density of the larvae was 2500 decimal^-1. Larvae of 9 different crosses were stocked separately in 27 different ponds (3 replications). For the first 4 weeks feed was given at the rate of 8% of total fish biomass and then the rate was 5% of total biomass. The nursery rearing feed EON was collected from the fish feed market and applied twice daily in the ponds. Compost was also applied in the ponds at the dose of 1 kg decimal^-1 twice in a month to maintain natural food level. Water quality monitoring: Various aspects of water quality viz. pH, salinity were measured by using pH-meter, refractometer; dissolve oxygen (DO) level, free CO₂ and alkalinity were measured regularly by the standard titrimetric method. Water quality parameters were monitored regularly and attempts were made to maintain suitable condition for the fish larvae. Depth of water was always maintained at 1.5m by regular water exchange. Growth performance and heterosis calculation: Random sampling was done at every 10 days interval to compare growth performance of various crosses. Total body weight in gram (g) was measured for growth performance study. Data analysis: MS Excel was used to store all the growth data for body weight and also for the presentation of the graphs. One way ANOVA was done for the test of significance at 5% level to obtain the difference in growth performance is significant or not.

Source of Information: International Journal of Life Sciences • ISSN 2091–0525 • Year 2011 • Volume 5 • Issue 1, 32-38

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The fertilization and hatching rates of the developing embryos were found better in the parental crosses than the reciprocal intra-specific hybrids. The growth performance of reciprocal crosses showed significant differences (P< 0.05) over the parental crosses. The best growth performance was observed in Padma ? X Jamuna ? hybrids; providing 72% positive heterosis. Since the growth rate of strain crossed hybrids were reasonably high, this technique can be profitably applied for the production of fast growing seed to ensure higher fish production and more profit.

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