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Effects of Heating Rate and Heating Up Time to Central Biomass Particles for Bio-oil Production

M. B. Ahmed
Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

A.T. M. K. Hasan
Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

M. Mohiuddin
Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

M. Asadullah
Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

M. S. Rahman
Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

A. Khaleque
Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Understanding the pyrolysis of woody biomass was the objective of this study. Experiments were carried out at 300 to 500 ºC. Relatively bigger particles were used. Special emphasis was given to investigate the effects of heating rate and heating up time of the central mass of the particles on the product distribution. Surface temperature reached to the reactor set temperature immediately while the temperature at the central part was as low as 50 ºC. The center temperature gradually increased to the final temperature within 3 to 8 minutes, depending on the wood types and the reactor set temperature. For ipil-ipil wood the heating rate of the central mass was much faster than krishnachura and koroi woods, and thus the heating up time was lower. Ipil-ipil wood was experienced higher yield (65%) even at lower reactor temperature 300 ºC with particle temperature 450 ºC. In the case of krishnachura and koroi woods, the bio-oil yields were lower under the same condition due to the heating rates of the central parts were much slower. Further researchon different biomasses may be necessary to demonstrate overall process.

Keywords: Woody biomass; Bio-oil; Pyrolysis; Reactor; Fossil fuels

Location: Chemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Ipil-ipil, Koroi

Objectives:

(i) To study the effects of heating rate and heating up time of the central mass of the particles on the product distribution.

(ii) To calculate the yield of bio-oil ffromor different biomasses.

(iii) To make a comparative product distribution analysis of the different biomasses pyrolysis.

Methodology:

Three different types of wood, such as ipil-ipil, krishnachura and koroi were considered in this study, since these are cheap raw materials and abundantly available in Bangladesh.The raw materials (ipil-ipil, krishnachura and koroi wood particles) usually contain moisture more than 10 wt. % which usually causes difficulty to feed into the pyrolysis reactor. In addition, the high moisture content in the raw materials results in high water content in the bio-oil. To ensure the consistent feeding and optimized pyrolysis products, the feedstock's were dried to below 10 wt.% moisture content and particles made to about 3-4 cm length and 2-3cm wide in size. The properties as well as ultimate and proximate analyses of the biomass were carried out and summarize.The woody biomass was first characterized by measuring the particle size, density, moisture content, pH determining, heating value and by ultimate and proximate analyses. The ultimate analysis and proximate analysis of the woody bio- mass was carried out by many researchers. About 3-4 cm long biomass particles were fed batch wise into the reactor to measure the product distribution and heat- ing rate of the central part of the biomass as the experimental setup shown. The biomass particles were drilled with a 1 mm diameter drill beet. Then a 1 mm diameter ther-mocouple was inserted through the hole. The thermocouple tip was kept at the center of the particle. Before inserting the thermocouple into the biomass particle, it was inserted through a heat proof rubber cork. When the biomass particle was fed along with the thermocouple just at the center of the reactor, the heat proof rubber cork was blocked the reactor inlet as it was adjusted exactly the same distance before heat- ing up the reactor. The reactor is made of mild steel with a height of 42 cm and a diameter of 4.5 cm. In both of the experiments, the biomass particles were heated with heater. The reactor was heated to the desired temperature before starting the feeding of biomass. Nitrogen gas flow of 450 mL/min was usually used for avoiding any combustion reactions in the reactor during the feeding of biomass. The flow of nitrogen replaces the air from the reactor and permits the pyrolysis reaction under anaerobic condition. The vapor produced in the reactor was passed through a series of ice cooled condenser where it was condensed as bio-oil. To avoid any loss of liquid collection in order to accurately measure the liquid yield, the condenser was weighed before and after the condensation of bio-oil vapor. The weight of bio-oil was accounted from the difference of the weights. The char was collected after cooling down the reactor and weighed. The yield of gas was measured from the difference of the weights of biomass fed and the total weight of liquid and solid char. The temperature of the reactor was displayed by temperature monitors through thermocouple. The process was carried out under atmospheric pressure.Bio-oil is usually a dark brown viscous liquid. It was characterized by measuring the pH, density, water content, solid content, pyrolytic lignin content, acid value etc. The density was measured with a density measurement bottle. Viscosity of the bio-oil is the measure of its internal friction which resists the flow of the fluid. Water content in the bio- oil was measured by Karl-Fischer titrimetric method. The pH was measured with a digital pH meter (Hanna Model-HI 8424). The solid content in the pyrolysis oil was measured as ethanol insoluble portion. The lignin portion was measured as water insoluble fraction by using phase separation. The acid value of the bio-oil was determined by direct titration with standard potassium hydroxide solution. Ash content was calculated by burning the bio-oil with supplying excess air in a muffle furnace.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(1), 13-22, 2016, ISSN 0304-9809

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v51i1.27031

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

For ipil-ipil wood, the heating rate of the central mass was much faster than krisnachura and koroi woods, and thus the heating up time was lower. This resulted in the higher yield (65%) of bio-oil even at lower reactor temperature (300 °C, particle temperature 450 °C) from ipil-ipil wood. In the case of krisnachura and koroi woods, the bio-oil yields were lower under the same condition. This was because, the heating rates of the central parts were much slower. Further research especially for different bio masses need to carry out to merge with the biomass conversion technologies.

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