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Comparative Studies on Water Quality and Plankton Production Between Perennial and Non-perennial Ponds in Bangladesh

Md. Yeamin Hossain
United Graduate school of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.

Mohammad Mustafizur Rahman
Aquaculture Research Team, East Sea Fisheries Rwesearch Institute

Saleha Jasmine
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.,

Abu Hanif Md. Ibrahim
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Uiversity of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.,

Zoarder Faruque Ahmed
Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Jun Ohtomi
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.

Mohamed A. H. El-Kady
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.

Bernerd Fulanda
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted to compare the water quality and plankton availability between perennial and non-perennial ponds in Bangladesh for a period of six months during October 2004 to March 2005. All water quality parameters in perennial ponds were statistically different (p< 0.05) than that of non-perennial ponds except temperature. Free CO₂, total alkalinity, pH and transparency were greater in the perennial ponds than that of non-perennial ponds, whereas an opposite result was observed in case of DO concentration. In general, water quality in the perennial ponds was more suitable for aquaculture than that of non-perennial ponds. Total phytoplankton and zooplankton availability were also greater in perennial ponds than that of non-perennial ponds. Absence or presence of aquatic macrophytes was the main cause of the water quality and plankton availability variation between perennial and non-perennial ponds. The present study suggests that, non-perennial ponds could be turned suitable for aquaculture if aquatic macrophytes could be removed.

Keywords: Water quality, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Perennial water body, Non-perennial water body,

Location: Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-10-2004

End Date: 00-03-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality, Feed

Objectives:

To find out through comparison, the water quality and plankton availability between perennial and non-perennial ponds in Bangladesh

Methodology:

The six months experiment was carried out in four earthen ponds (two were perennial and another two were non-perennial) between October 2004 and March 2005 in the Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Perennial pond indicates the pond with aquaculture activity while on-perennial pond indicates the pond without aquaculture activity. Each of the perennial ponds had a surface area of 0.48 ha and a depth of 1.2 m. The surface area and depth of non-perennial ponds were 0.64 ha and 1.4 m, respectively. The perennial ponds were under aquaculture activity with some exotic (common carp Cyprinus carpio and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and indigenous fish (rohu Labeo rohita, catla Catla catla and mrigal Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and were regularly (monthly interval) supplied with fertilizers (1 kg urea per 40 m²) and supplimentary feeds (2-3% of fish body weight). Non-perennial ponds were partially covered by Eicchornia sp., whereas perennial ponds were free from Eicchornia sp. Water quality parameters (temperature, water depth, water transparency, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, total alkalinity, free Carbondyoxide (CO₂) and plankton abundance were determined monthly. For water quality and plankton analysis, water samples were collected from some fixed points of each pond from surface to a depth of 20 cm between 9.00-11.00 am. Water temperature (°C) was recorded with a Celsius thermometer. Transparency (cm) was measured with a secchi disc. DO and pH were measured directly by digital dissolved oxygen meter (Model YSI-58, USA) and pH meter (Jenway Model-3020), respectively. Total alkalinity and CO₂ were determined titrimetrically in the laboratory according to APHA (1992). For plankton analysis, water samples were collected between 9.00 and 11.00 am, taking 1 L samples at 10 different locations in each pond. Each composite 10 L sample was then passed through a 25 μ mesh plankton net. Each concentrated plankton sample was then transferred to a plastic bottle and diluted to 100 mL with formalin and distilled water to obtain a 5% buffered formalin solution. Plankton numbers were estimated in a Sedge-wick-Rafter (S-R) counting cell. A 1 mL sample was put in the S-R cell and was left 10 min to allow the plankton to settle. The plankton in 10 randomly selected fields in the S-R cell was identified up to genus level,counted and density calculated. All data were analysed through repeated measure one-way ANOVA (95% probability) using the statistical package SAS, version 8 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Source of Information: Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 3(3): 176-183, 2008, ISSN 1816-4927

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2008.176.183, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jfas.2008.176.183

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study indicated that water quality and plankton availability variations in perennial and non-perennial ponds were mostly due to absence or presence of aquatic macrophytes on the water surface. In Bangladesh, most of the non-perennial ponds have aquatic macrophytes on the surface of the pond. This study indicated that, if aquatic macrophytes could be removed from the non-perennial ponds then the physico-chemical and biological conditions (water quality and plankton availability) of pond might be suitable for aquaculture.

Knowledge Management: Journal