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Influence of Calcium on Water Relation of Two Cultivars of Wheat Under Salt Stress

Nahid Akhter
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

F. Hossainn
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

A. Karim
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of Ca²⁺ on water relation of two wheat cultivars (Akbar and Kanchan) under salt stress. The two wheat cultivars were grown in pots with 0 and 150 mM NaCl salinity. Calcium was applied in the form of gypsum in 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36g pot^-1 (that is 20, 40 and 60 kg ha^-1) respectively. Salinity decreased RWC, WRC, exudation rate and ψ_{leaf (???)}, while increased WSD and WUC.( spell out ) Application of increased levels of Ca improved the plant water status in both the cultivars. The results obtained in the present study suggest that, elevated Ca²⁺ increases salt tolerance by improving the plant water status.

Keywords: Calcium; Plant water relation; Salt stress; Wheat cultivar;

Location: Jahangirnagar university, Savar, Dhaka.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To investigate on the ameliorative effect of supplemental Ca²⁺ on water relation with two cultivars of wheat under saline condition

Methodology:

Two wheat cultivars, namely Akbar (salt tolerant) and Kanchan (salt susceptible) were selected as plant materials. The seeds were obtained from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. The soil for the experiment was collected from the botanical garden of Jahangirnagar university, Savar, Dhaka. The soil samples used in the pots were dried, powdered and mixed thoroughly. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were analyzed in the laboratory of Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI). Saline water was prepared artificially by dissolving calculated amount of commercially available salt (NaCl) with tap water to make 150 mM NaCl solution. Tap water was used as control. Three levels of calcium were applied in the form of Gypsum. Low (Ca1) = 20 kg ha^-1 (0.12g pot^-1), which was 50% of the recommended dose. Optimum (Ca2) = 40 kg ha^-1 (0.24g pot^-1), which is 100% of the recommended does. High (Ca3) = 60 kg ha^-1 (0.36g pot^-1), which is 150% of the recommended dose. Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus were applied in the form of urea, MP and TSP as their recommended does, 180, 110, 140 kg ha^-1, (1.08g pot^-1, 0.66 pot^-1 and 0.84g pot^-1), respectively. Each pot was filled up with 12 kg air-dried soil. The respective amount of nutrients was incorporated with the soil before seed sowing. The compost was 1/4th of the soil by volume. The pots were kept under natural sunshine. The seeds were surface sterilized by soaking the seeds with 0.1% sodium hypochloride for three minutes followed by washing 7 to 8 times with tap water and three times with distilled water. Seeds of uniform size were directly sown on 12 November, 2006. Tap water was applied in all pots up to the emergence of seedling. After seedling establishment tap water in control pots and 12.5mM NaCl solution were applied in salt treatment. When the first leaf appeared i.e. ten days after emergence (DAE) actual amount of NaCl solutions were applied. Seedling in control group was irrigated with tap water. Leaf (lamina) of same size and age of five seedlings from each treatment was collected and fresh weight of the leaf was taken immediately. The leaf was kept immersed in distilled water for 24 hour at room temperature in the dark. The turgid weight of the leaves was then measured. Afterwards the leaves were oven-dried at 80⁰C for 72 hour in order to take dry weight. The fresh, turgid and dry weights of the leaves were used to determine the following parameters (Sangakkara et al., 1996). The exudation rate was measured by deducting cotton weight from the sap containing cotton weight and expressed in mg per hour. Leaf water potential was measured at 6AM by pressure-bomb technique (Tyree and Hammel,1972).

Source of Information: International Journal of the Environment Vol. 2(1) 2013: 1-8

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJE/article/view/9202/7514

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It could be concluded that, the addition of calcium on wheat has a significant role in partial alleviation of salinity stress by improving the plant water status.

Knowledge Management: Journal