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Impacts of Sumithion on Blood Glucose and Some Hematological Parameters in Common Carp

Sabrina Hossain
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Mst. Halima Khatun
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Md. Khalilur Rahman
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Zahid Parvez Sukhan
Department of Marine Fisheries & Oceanography Patuakhali Science & Technology University Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh

Md. Shahjahan
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of an organophosphorous pesticide sumithion on blood glucose and some hematological parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The experiment was conducted with three treatments, each having three replications. Treatment one (T1) was used as control (0 ppm) and two concentrations, such as 0.85 ppm and 1.70 ppm were used as Treatment two (T2) and Treatment three (T3), respectively. Fish were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 21 days after start of exposure. The sexual dimorphic changes in blood glucose levels were observed in the present study. In male, the blood glucose levels were significantly (P<0.05) increased with the toxicity of sumithion at 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure periods in higher concentrations (T2 & T3) compared to control (T1), while only tended to increases were observed in female. The Hb (g/dL) tended to decrease with toxicity of sumithion though significantly decreased in males at 7 and 14 days of exposure in T3. The RBCs (×10⁶/mm³) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the toxicity of sumithion at 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure periods in higher concentrations (T3), whereas Hct (%) showed no significant changes in both concentrations (T2 & T3). On the other hand, WBC were significantly (P<0.05) increased in higher concentrations both in male and female. The present investigation highlighted that sumithion has adverse effects on the metabolism of macromolecules of fish.

Keywords: Organophosphorous; Environment; Pesticide; Fish; Toxicology.

Location: wet laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To assess the effects of an organophosphorous pesticide sumithion on blood glucose and some hematological parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

Methodology:

Animals and chemicals: The fish was collected from Bangladesh Catfish Limited, Valuka, Mymensingh and maintained in aquaria at the wet laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh at 25 ± 0.5°C under a controlled natural photo-regimen (14/10 h, light/dark) for a period of 21 days before the experiments. The fish were fed twice a day. The length and weight of fishes ranged from 17 to 19 cm and 75 to 90 g, respectively. To conduct the present experiment, sumithion (60E/C) was collected from retail pesticide shop from local market. Experimental design and sampling: To conduct the experiment, nine aquaria (75 cm × 45 cm × 45 cm) were first cleaned and washed thoroughly by tap water. Then the aquaria were filled with 100 L of tap water. The experiment was conducted with three treatments, each with three replications. Treatment one (T1) was used as control (0 ppm) and two concentrations, such as 0.85 ppm (10% of 96 h LC50) and 1.70 ppm (20% of 96 h LC50) were used as Treatment two (T2) and Treatment three (T3), respectively. Ten fish were transferred in each aquarium. Fish were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 days after start of exposure and blood was collected from the caudal peduncle into citrated tuberculin syringes. Measurement of haematological parameters: Blood glucose (mg/dL) and hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) were measured by EasyMate® GHb, blood glucose/haemoglobin dual-function monitoring system using glucose and hemoglobin strips. The red blood cell (RBC; x10⁶/mm³) and white blood cell (WBC; x10³/mm³) count was made using Neubauerhemocytometer. Hematocrit (Hct, %) values were determined by using a micro-hematocrit centrifuge. To measure haemoglobin, “SAHLI’s” hemometer was used. At first 90μl 0.1N HCL was taken in an eppendorf tube using micropipette. Then 10 μl blood was added and the tube was shacked thoroughly for proper mixing. After 2-3 minutes the mixture was transferred to the tube. Then distelled water was added in drops until color was adjusted with colorimeter of haemometer. When the color was adjusted then the reading was taken upto the level of the mixture specified on the body of tube. To count RBC and WBC 990 μl 2% EDTA was taken in an appendorf tube. Then 10μl blood was added with it. During counting, 10 μl of RBC solution and small amount of gimsa stain was taken on haemocytometer. After covering by a cover slip, it was observed under microscope. During counting, 5 large square units (each large square contains 16 small square units) were selected randomly. Numbers of RBC within a large square unit not touching any line were counted. Using this procedure, number of RBC was counted from randomly selected 5 large square units. Then total number of RBC was counted. In case of WBC, total number of WBC found within large squares of four corners were counted. Then total number of wbc was counted. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to assess statistically significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05). Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18.0 software (IBM SPSS Statistics, IBM, Chicago, USA).

Source of Information: International Journal of Environment, 5(1): 8–13 (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Sumithion enhanced the blood glucose level suggesting that glycogen might be breakdown to glucose due to toxicant of sumithion. Conversely, reduction of Hb, RBCs and Hct might be because of failing of hematopoietic system.The increase in WBC count can be correlated with an increase in antibody production which helps in survival and recovery of the fish exposed to pesticide. Therefore, the present study revealed that the sumithion has adverse effects on various blood parameters in common carp.

Knowledge Management: Journal