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Effect of Different Levels of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Red Amaranth (amaranthus Sp.) and Rice (oryza Sativa, Variety-br49)

N. J. Malik
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A. S. Chamon
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. N. Mondol
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. F. Elahi
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. M. A. Faiz
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two pot experiments were conducted at the Dept. of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to examine the effects of Zn on red amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) and rice (Oryza sativa). The soil collected from Bhaluka, Mymensingh (Chandra series), had the following general characteristics; pH 6.0, E.C 134 μS cm-1, organic matter 2.20%, organic carbon 1.27%, total N, P, K 0.024, O.07 and 0.05 % respectively. The total Zn concentration was 20 ppm and the texture was silty loam. Four Zn levels were maintained by treating the experimental soils with 0, 200, 300 and 400 mg Zn/kg soil. Roots & shoots of red amaranth and rice were collected after 45 and 90 days of sowing respectively. A significant impact of zinc was observed on growth and yield of red amaranth and rice. The concentration of zinc increased with increasing zinc treatment in red amaranth and rice roots, shoots and grain. The length of roots and shoots, the fresh and dry matter production decreased with increasing zinc levels for red amaranth. In case of rice the length of roots, shoots and spikelets increased with increasing zinc levels and the highest was observed at 200 ppm Zn. The fresh and dry matter production decreased at 200 ppm Zn but increased at 300 and 400 ppm Zn for rice. The results showed that zinc influenced the growth and yield of red amaranth and rice.

Keywords: Zinc; Toxicity; Treatments; Yield; Uptake; Heavy metal

Location: Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Red amaranth, Rice

Objectives:

The objective of the research work was to study the effect of Zn on growth, yield and mineral nutrition of red amaranth and rice.

Methodology:

The seeds of amaranthus sp., and seedlings of rice (T. Aman, HYV BR 49), used in the present investigation were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), the soil used for pot experiment was collected from Bhaluka upazila of Mymansingh district. Bhaluka Upazila in Mymensingh district was selected as an area with a rural setting representing a typical socio-economic activity. The population of more than 1000 persons per square kilometer presents a severe pressure to create jobs and livelihood. Incentive to commercial and small and medium scale industries is given by the government. This produces pollution of diverse character. Primary pollution is effluent from domestic refuge and sewage discharge. Secondary pollution comes from various commercial enterprises and small and medium scale industries. Dynamic population structure produces pollution potential of diverse nature with changing time frame. The soil samples collected were air dried, ground and screened to pass through a 2.0 mm sieve and then mixed thoroughly to make it a composite sample. Dry roots, grasses and other substances were discarded from the sample and used for net house experiment. The soil collected from Bhaluka, Mymensingh (Chandra series), had the following general characteristics; pH 6.0, E.C 134 μS cm^-1, moisture percentage 2.883, organic matter 2.20%, organic carbon 1.27%, total N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg 0.024, O.07, 0.05, 0.054, 2.6 and 2.5 % respectively; available N, P 0.017% and 4.67 ppm respectively. The total Zn content was 20 ppm and the texture was silty loam. Three kg and seven kg of air dried composite soil samples were taken in 4 kg and 8 kg plastic pot for Red amaranth and rice. The pots were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Every pot was marked in accordance with the treatments. The moisture content of the soil was maintained between 50 and 75% of field capacity throughout the growing period by weighing the pots regularly. In the experiment three sources of fertilizer urea, TSP and MP (N, P and K) were added at a rate of 160 kg N/ha, 20 kg P₂O₅/ha, 20 kg K₂O/ha for rice and 108 kg N/ha, 24 kg P₂O₅/ha, 40 kg K₂O/ha for red amaranth. Twenty one seeds of red amaranth were sown and nine rice seedlings of 30 days old of uniform size from T. Aman (BR-49) were transplanted to each pot. After two weeks pruning was done and 6 red amaranth plants/pot and 9 rice plants/pot were allowed to grow finaly. In order to study the effect of zinc on the growth of red amaranth and rice, Zn was applied as ZnSO₄.H₂O at the rate of 0, 200, 300 and 400 ppm after two weeks of pruning. The basis of selecting these levels of treatments was the maximum permissible limit of Zn in soil is 300 ppm. Red Amaranth and rice were harvested after 45 and and 90 days of sowing. The plants were uprooted and the basal part of the harvested plants were washed with water to remove soil particles and algae. Then the fresh weight was taken and dried in the sun and finally oven-dried at 70^?C for three days, weighed and ground separately and then stored properly for analysis. Total zinc concentration of the plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) method after digestion of the samples with perchloric acid-nitric acid. The results of the experiment were statistically evaluated in the form of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Journal of the Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers (JBAYR), Volume 1, Number 1, January 2011, Page 79-91 ISSN 1991-0746 (Print), ISSN 2220-119X (Online),

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3329/jbayr.v1i1.6836

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Zinc added at the rates of 0, 200, 300 and 400 ppm affected the height of red amaranth significantly. At 200 ppm Zn, plant height was found to be highest (29.21 cm/plant) and then decreased with increasing Zn treatments. But in case of rice the highest plant height was observed at 300 ppm (117 cm/plant) and lowest height was observed at 0 ppm. Fresh and dry matter production of red amaranth decreased with increasing Zn levels and found highest at 200 ppm. But in case of rice fresh and dry matter production increased with increasing Zn treatments upto 300 ppm. This indicates that Zn application enhanced the growth of Rice than that of red amaranth. Zn concentration in red amaranth and rice increased with increasing Zn treatment and was highest at 400 ppm both for root and shoot.
In rice grains, Zn accumulated more with increasing Zn treatments, though the concentration was very low in comparison to root and shoot.

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