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Seed Morphology and Germination of Ipil-ipil (leocaena Leococephala (lam.) De Wit.) Under Different Conditions at Nursery Stage in Bangladesh

M.A. Alam
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna.

M.A. Matin
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna.

M.M. Hoque
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

A.T.M.R. Hoque
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The morphological characteristics of the fruits and seeds, germination and seedling growth performance of Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit.) were studied under different conditions in the nursery. The average length (cm), breath (cm) and number of seed per fruits varied from (19.71±0.08); (2.11±0.03) and (20.08±0.61) as well as seeds, the length (cm), breath (cm), thickness (cm) and dry weight per seeds (g) ranges from (0.83±0.03); (0.55±0.014); (0.169±0.04) and (0.059±0.002). The rate of untreated seed germination was tried in the polybag, seed tray and seedbed. The highest germination was found in polybag under peat with cowdung mixture about (66%) and lowest germination was found in seedbed in all rooting media.

Keywords: Ipil-Ipil, Morphological characteristics, Fruit seed, Germination, Bangladesh

Location: Khulna districts

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Ipil-ipil

Objectives:

1. To generate scientific knowledge on locally available soil for domestication all over the country.

2. To explore the germination potential in different conditions of the nursery for better production in practice.

Methodology:

Seeds of Leucaena leucocephala were collected from different region of Khulna districts during October in Bangladesh. The ripe fruits were collected directly from the matured trees and dried for a week in the open sun. The seeds were then separated from the pods by hand and dried again in the sun for another week. The collected seeds were checked to remove the discolored damaged seeds. Khulna district is situated between the latitudes of 22⁰ 12' and 23⁰ 59' N and between 89°14' to 89°45' E. The total area of the district is 4394.46 km² of which 59.79 km² is riverine. The study area is under Batiaghata thana of this district. Like other parts of Bangladesh, the climate of Khulna is sub-tropical in nature and there are three main reasons such as winter, summer and monsoon. The winter begins in November and ends in February. Here winter is relatively mind and the temperature fluctuation is low. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 7.22-12.77°C in winter to a maximum of 23.88 -31.11°C in summer. Occasionally the temperature might be as high as 36.66°C or more and the mean monthly temperature is 28°C. The summer is from March to June and the monsoon starts in July and continues until October. This monsoon period (June-October) is characterized by heavy rainfall under the influence of southwest monsoon wind. During the experiment, the average temperature, rainfall and humidity were 24.77 °C, 64.31 mm and 78.1%, respectively. During the study, 25 fruits and seeds were selected randomly for measurement. The external characteristics of the fruits and seeds were carefully observed and the breadth, length and weight of fruits and seeds were measured by wooden scale and slide caliper. Randomized Complete Block Design was used for measuring the effect of media and containers on germination. In the experiment, three types of containers and media were used. Transparent polybag (10x15 cm²), plastic seed-tray (24.5 cm dia.) and open seedbed (They are indicated as C₁, C₂ and C₃, respectively). In every container, three types of media peat soil+cowdung (3:1 ratio), soil+cowdung (3:1 ratio) and soil+peat soil (1:1 ratio) were used (They are indicated as m₁, m₂ and m₃, respectively). In the experiment, untreated seeds were used to assess the effect of container and media on germination. To test the interaction between media and container, in each container all types of media were used to prepare the germination bed. For each media, 4 replications were used to assess the internal variability of the species. For each replication 25 seeds were considered. Each seed was dibbled in each polybag and 25 bags were separated as a replication. Similarly, 25 seeds were sown in each seedbed (18" x 18") and plastic tray as replications. The germination of each day was recorded during two months after sowing. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to test the effect of media and containers on germination and growth performance. For significant treatments, Least Significant Difference (LSD) was made.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 4 (2): 98-101, 2005 (ISSN 1682-3974)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajps.2005.98.101&org=11

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results suggested that seasonal variations, in respect of environmental factors showed good relation with the growth and development of the species in all conditions. So for practical use, the following recommendations can be made:

• For better germination percentage and higher growth performance of seedlings, media prepared with peat and cowdung at 3: 1 ratio can be used for large-scale plantation.

• Polybag could be recommended as a rooting container for higher percentage of seed germination for raising large-scale plantations.

Due to some practical constraints, full investigation into the effect of different factors on germination could not be done. So, the result of this study should be taken with caution. Further long-term study including different parameters is recommended.

Knowledge Management: Journal