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Evaluation of Performance of Carp–sis Polyculture Technology in the Rural Farmers’ Pond

N.C. ROY
Department of Fisheries Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

A.H.M. KOHINOOR
Department of Fisheries Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

M. A. WAHAB
Department of Fisheries Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

S.H. THILSTED
Research Department of Human Nutrition The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment on the polyculture of large carps (both Indian and Chinese) with small indigenous fish species (SIS) mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) and chela (Chela cachius) was carried out to evaluate the production performance of carp-SIS culture in the farmers’ pond of Boilor-Dhanikhola village under the Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The main objective was to develop a sustainable carp and small fish polyculture technology for enhancing the nutritional and socio-economic status of the rural people. Three treatments were tried with 10 replicates each. Only carp species (grass carp, rohu, catla and mrigal) were stocked in treatment 1 (T1 ), carps with mola were stocked in treatment 2 (T2 ), and carps with chela were stocked in treatment 3 (T3 ). Large carps and small fish were stocked at the rate of 10,000 and 25,000 fish•ha^-1 , respectively. Productions of carps and small fish over a period of 210 days were 2,560, 2,412 and 2,176 kg•ha^-1 , in three treatments, respectively. However, while there was no significant difference in fish production between T1 and T2 , the production in T3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than T1 . Despite the yield values, it is argued that carp–SIS culture technology is a good proposition as a rural aquaculture technology in terms of nutrition and socio-economics aspects. Partial harvest of small fish is a prerequisite to maintain compatible existence among large carps and small fish.

Keywords: Carp–sis Polyculture, Growth performance, Bangladesh

Location: Boilor-Dhanikhola village, Trishal Upazila, Mymensingh district

Start Date: 00-06-1999

End Date: 00-01-2000

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To assess the production performance of small fish with carps in the rural ponds under low input management.

Methodology:

Study area: The experiment was conducted from June 1999 to January 2000 in the farm ponds of Boilor-Dhanikhola village under Trishal Upazila in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Thirty ponds of different sizes varying from 400 to 1000 m2 with depths of 1.5 to 2.5 m were used for this study. All the ponds were rain fed, well exposed to sunlight and without inlet or outlet. Preparation of ponds: All predatory and small fish species were removed from the experimental ponds through repeated netting. Ponds were prepared by using lime at the rate of 250 kg·ha^-1 . Seven days after liming, the ponds were fertilized with cow manure at the rate of 1,000 kg·ha^-1 and urea and TSP at the rate of 12.5 kg·ha^-1 and 25 kg·ha^-1 , respectively. Experimental design and stocking of fish: The experiment consisted of three treatments with ten replications. Ponds were chosen for different treatments following stratified random sampling based on size. The ponds were stocked seven days after fertilization. The stocking density of Indian major carps, rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) was 9,500 fish·ha^-1 with a ratio of 1:1:1, respectively. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was stocked at the rate of 500 fish·ha^-1 . The SIS, mola and chela were stocked at the rate of 25,000 fish·ha^{- 1} . Large carps, rohu (L. rohita), catla (C. catla), mrigal (C. mrigala) and grass carp (C. idella) were stocked in all treatments. The SIS, mola and chela were stocked only in ponds under T2 and T3 , respectively. In T1 , only large carps were stocked with the same ratio and density. Post stocking management: All ponds were subject to the same regime of feed and fertilizer application. The commonly available agricultural by-product rice bran (100%) was used as supplementary feed at the rate preferred by farmers, which was about 3 to 5% of standing crop of fish. Soft grass and banana leaves were supplied for grass carp on a daily basis up to satiation. All ponds were fertilized with cow manure at the rate of 1,000 kg•ha^-1 at fortnightly intervals. All feeds and fertilizer inputs were supplied from the farmers’ households. Fish were sampled at monthly intervals to assess their growth and health. Water sampling and analysis: Water quality parameters such as temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total alkalinity were estimated at monthly intervals from 0900 to 1000 hrs. Water temperature was recorded using a Celsius thermometer, and transparency was measured using a Secchi disc of 20-cm diameter. Dissolved oxygen was measured directly using a digital DO meter (YSI Model-58) and pH was measured by a digital pH meter (CORNING pH meter 445). Alkalinity was determined following the EDTA titrimetric method. Plankton enumeration: Plankton samples were collected at monthly intervals. To enumerate plankton population, 10 l of water samples were collected from different areas and depths of the experimental ponds and passed through a plankton net (mesh size 25 m). Plankton samples were preserved in 5% buffered formalin in small plastic bottles. The preserved plankton samples were studied using a Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell, under a binocular microscope (Olympus, SWIFT M-4000D). A 1 ml sub-sample from each sample was transferred to the counting cell and then all planktonic organisms present on 10 squares of the cells chosen randomly were counted and later on used for quantitative estimation. Harvesting of fish: Partial harvesting of small fish in T2 and T3 was done three months after stocking and continued onwards fortnightly until final harvest of all fish. All ponds were completely harvested by seine net after seven months of rearing. During harvest, all fishes were counted and weighed separately to assess survival rate and production. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using the statistical package, Statgraphics, Version 7. ANOVA was performed on all dependent variables to study if treatments had any significant effect. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was also applied to identify which treatments were different.

Source of Information: Asian Fisheries Science 15 (2002): 43-52

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Productions of carps and small fish over a period of 210 days were 2,560, 2,412 and 2,176 kgha^-1 , in three treatments, respectively. However, while there was no significant difference in fish production between T1 and T2 , the production in T3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than T1 . Despite the yield values, it is argued that carp–SIS culture technology is a good proposition as a rural aquaculture technology in terms of nutrition and socio-economics aspects. Partial harvest of small fish is a prerequisite to maintain compatible existence among large carps and small fish.

Knowledge Management: Journal