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Population Genetic Structure of Paradise Threadfin Polynemus Paradiseus (linnaeus, 1758) Revealed by Allozyme Marker

Ashfaqun Nahar
Department of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

M. A. B. Siddik
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

M. A. Alam
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

M. R. Chaklader
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To elucidate genetic differentiation in three river populations (Tentulia, Paira and Kirtonkhola) of Polynemus paradiseus, ten enzymes encoded by seventeen presumptive loci were screened using allozyme electrophoresis marker, where five were polymorphic (Est-1*, Gpi-1*, Gpi-2*, G3pdh-2* and Mdh-1*). The mean proportions of polymorphic loci were observed 17.65, 29.41 and 11.76% in Tentulia, Paira and Kirtonkhola populations, respectively. The highest mean number of allele per locus and mean proportion of heterozygous loci per individual were observed in the Paira population (1.294 and 16.667%, respectively). The highest observed heterozygosity (H_o) and average expected heterozygosity (H_e) were 0.078 and 0.050, respectively found in Tentulia population. The highest pair-wise population differentiation (F_ST = 0.148) and lowest gene flow (N_m = 1.443) were found in Tentulia-Kirtonkhola indicate the close relationship among them. Based on genetic distance, UPGMA dendrogram showed that the three river populations of P. paradiseus constructed two clusters. Paira and Kirtonkhola populations made one cluster (D = 0.001) and separated from Tentulia population by the genetic distance of 0.014. The results suggested that the considerable genetic variation is maintained among the natural P. paradiseus populations.

Keywords: Genetic structure, Polynemus paradiseus, Allozyme electrophoresis

Location: Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Marine fish

Objectives:

To investigate the genetic status of the three wild samples of P. paradiseus population using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis method.

Methodology:

Samples of Polynemus paradiseus were collected directly from the local fishers living adjacent to the southern coastal rivers of Bangladesh. A total of 30 individuals were collected from each river of Paira, Kirtonkhola and Tentulia on 25 May, 22 June and 27 July, 2013, respectively. Once collected, fish were iced, transported to the laboratory and muscle samples were taken and stored at -80°C until electrophoretic analysis. This experiment was performed by using allozyme markers through horizontal starch gel electrophoresis method. The electrophoresis was conducted using muscle tissue with amine-citrate buffer (CA 6.1) and Tris citric acid buffer (TC-1). The enzymes analyzed, E.C. numbers, abbreviation of enzymes and enzyme patterns used for horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, the gel slices (about 1 mm thickness) were histochemically stained for different enzymes with some modifications. Loci were numbered consecutively from the anodal to cathodal end. Thus, the most anodal locus was designated as ‘1’. The electrophoretic bands corresponding to multiple alleles at each locus were alphabetically named as *a, *b, *c etc. in order to detection. The allele frequencies were calculated simply by direct count of the proportion of different alleles. The mean proportions of polymorphic loci per population, the mean number of alleles per locus and the mean proportion of heterozygous loci per individuals were determined with the assistance of POPGENE (version 1.31) computer package program. Expected heterozygosity (H_e) and observed heterozygosity (H_o) were also examined, with the help of POPGENE (version 1.31) computer package program. Genetic differentiations (F_ST) and gene flow (N_m) were performed using GeneAlEx (version 6) computer package program. Based on the Nei’s genetic distance (D); a dendrogram was constructed by the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average) method, with the assistance of POPGENE, (version 1.32) computer package program.

Source of Information: International Journal of Zoological Research, 11(2): 48-56, 2015, ISSN 1811-9778

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ijzr.2015.48.56; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2015.48.56

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study concluded that although there was considerable genetic variation exists among the wild populations of P. paradiseus but probably special care should be taken when taking management options. A broader scale study of P. paradiseus population differentiation would be useful as to investigate the population structure of this species over its whole distribution range and possible causes. The existing differentiation seems to be weak; it becomes of great importance the use of molecular markers with a higher polymorphism, such as micro satellites, which have been able to detect a greater degree of population diversity than allozymes.

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