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Effects of Bamboo Charcoal Added Feed on Reduction of Ammonia and Growth of Pangasius Hypophthalmus

Quaiyum MA
Department of Fisheries Biology & Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Jahan R
Department of Fisheries Biology & Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Jahan N
Department of Fisheries Biology & Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Akhter T
Department of Fisheries Biology & Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M Sadiqul
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A 50-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary bamboo charcoal (BC) on ammonia (NH₃-N) excretion and growth performances of Pangasius hypophthalmus. Four levels of BC (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) were supplemented to the diet composition and fed to fish (initial body weight 1.18 ± 0.04 g) twice a day. At the end of the trial, mean of final weight (g), final length (cm), weight gain (g), length gain (cm), percent weight gain, percent length gain, specific growth rate (% per day), feed conversion ratio, survival rates and water quality parameters i.e, ammonia (NH₃-N), pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured and found that fish fed 2% BC diet showed significantly (P<0.05) higher growth enhancement than those of fish fed the control diet (0% BC). Ammonia concentration over the experimental period decreased with increasing dietary BC. Moreover, in histological observation it was found that the villus height and villus area in all intestinal segments tended to increase with increasing dietary BC supplementation. The present results indicated stimulating effects of dietary BC on intestinal villi and the diet supplemented with 2% BC was found to had a suitable level to fulfill the maximum growth performances of P. hypophthalmus and to decrease the ammonia concentration.

Keywords: Bamboo charcoal; Ammonia; Growth; Pangasius hypophthalmus

Location: Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Pangus

Objectives:

To assess the effectiveness of dietary Bamboo Charcoal (BC) supplementation on growth performance of P. hypophthalmus

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the Backyard Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted for a period of 50 days. The research work was undertaken in 13 glass aquaria (average capacity 50L). An adequate level of dissolved oxygen in each aquarium was maintained through artificial aeration during the experimental period. Bamboo was cut into small pieces and put into a tightly sealed container made of iron. This was then placed on a hot fire for at least an hour. Once the fire was out, the container left to cool down completely before it opened. The BC then pounded into a fine powder and the composition of BC. Standard fish feed obtained from commercial feed company (Mega Feed Co. Ltd., Bangladesh) was used as a basal feed supplemented with BC powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2% in control, T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. Diets were prepared by mixing the dry ingredients and water (35% of the dry weight of ingredients) and then pellet-type diets were produced through a meat grinder with a diameter disc (size, 1.9-2.2 mm). The diets were later oven dried (60°C for 2 h) to approximately 11% moisture. After preparation, the diets were stored at refrigerator until used. Fingerling of P. hypophthalmus was collected from the local fish seed retailer and carefully transported to avoid physical injury. One fish per liter stocking density and three aquaria were used for each treatment. Fingerlings were fed with experimental diets twice a day in the morning at 9.00 am and in the afternoon at 3.00 pm throughout the study period. Fingerling in each aquarium were fed daily at the rate of 7% of their body weight; the amount was fixed after observing that it was not interested to take more than that amount of feed. Every 10 d, the body weight of fish were measured. For weighing 5 fingerlings were collected from each aquarium. All animals were placed on paper towels to remove excess water and then weighed using an electric balance (Mettler PJ3000). After recording the length and weight of fingerlings were released in the aquarium. All the following water quality parameters were recorded at 10 days interval. Ammonia (NH₃-N) of the aquarium water was recorded in mg/l with the help of ammonia test kit (Hanna Instrument Ammonia Test Kit for Fresh Water). Dissolved oxygen of the aquarium water was recorded in mg/1 with the help of a dissolved oxygen meter (Model Oxi 3150i, Germany). pH of the water was recorded with the help of a pH meter (pH meter L20 ME 1-1 LER TOLEDO, Switzerland). For the histological observation intestines were quickly removed from fish and place in 10% formaldehyde fixative solution. Then the anterior and middle central portions of the intestine of 0.5 cm thickness were put into the cassettes separately for histological examination. They were dehydrated in graded alcohol series, embedded in paraffin, sectioned for 5-7 μm in thickness using a microtome (MICROM HM355S, Germany) and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, then mounted in DPX mountant and photographed with an OLYMPUSCX41 microscope which was equipped with the SONY DSC-W220 camera. At least two glass slides were prepared from each portion of the intestine. Data analysis The collected data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) to see whether the influence of different treatments on these parameters were significant or not.

Source of Information: J. Aquaculture Research Development, 2014, 5:6, ISSN: 2155-9546

Article Link (Online Journal): DoI :10.4172/2155-9546.1000269

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Ammonia concentration over the experimental period decreased with increasing dietary BC. Moreover, in histological observation it was found that the villus height and villus area in all intestinal segments tended to increase with increasing dietary BC supplementation. The present results indicate stimulating effects of dietary BC on intestinal villi and the diet supplemented with 2% BC was found to have a suitable level to fulfill the maximum growth performances of P. hypophthalmus and to decrease the ammonia concentration.

Knowledge Management: Journal