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Yield Gap and Constraints of Wheat Production in Bangladesh

M K Hasan
Senior Scientific Officer
Planning and Evaluation Division, BARI, Gazipur.

S M F Islam
Professor
Dept. of Agricultural Economics, BSMRAU, Gazipur.

A Khatun
Senior Scientific Officer
Planning and Evaluation Division, BARI, Gazipur.

S Parvin
Scientific Officer
Training and Communication Wing, BARI, Gazipur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study employed farm level cross sectional data collected from 293 farm households of three major wheat growing areas nemely, Dinajpur, Rajshahi and Jamalpur of Bangladesh to examine the existing yield gaps between best practice and the average yield obtained by the wheat farmers. Yield of wheat varied across locations and among farm categories. The bio-physical constraints limiting wheat production were, lack of good quality seed, poor seed germination, excessive weed, poor utilization of irrigation facilities, etc. The yield gap-I was estimated at 3585 kg/ha resulting mostly from non-transferable components of technology and environmental factors. Yield gap-Il was 520 kg/ha. This was attributed mainly to technical inefficiency. The biotic and abiotic factors together were responsible for 26.77 percent yield loss causing a mean yield gap of 641 kg/ha. The mean yield gap of 4th quartile and all farms were 456 kg/ha. The study suggests the existence of some gaps in wheat yield. which may be reduced through policy interventions and adoption of improved technology.

Keywords: Wheat, Yield gap, Contraints, Wheat production

Location: Dinajpur, Rajshahi and Jamalpur.

Start Date: 00-11-2003

End Date: 00-06-2004

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To identify and measure different factors associated with yield gaps in wheat production.

Methodology:

A multistage sampling procedure was followed to select wheat growing areas. In the first stage three wheat growing districts i.e. Dinajpur, Rajshahi and Jamalpur were chosen purposively considering the intensity of wheat area coverage among different regions. In the second stage, one upazila from each district and one union from each upazila were selected randomly. Finally, three mouzas (one from each union) were selected randomly for this study. To collect primary data a sampling frame of wheat growing holdings in the selected mouzas were constructed with the help of village leaders and record book of union council. These farm holdings were stratified into small (0.2 ha to < 1.0 ha), medium (1.0 ha to < 2.0 ha) and large (2.0 ha and above) as per classification of farm category followed in different studies. Fisher's measure of skewness formula was applied to select an optimum number of 293 samples (Dinajpur-101, Jamalpur-89 and Rajshahi-103). A pre-designed and pre-tested schedule was applied to collect data during November 2003 to June 2004. The general process of yield gap analysis was divided into four steps. The first step addressed the basic question whether there was any gap in the yield and, if yes, what was its magnitude. In the second step the total yield gap was partitioned into two major components to obtain a benchmark for further analysis. The third step deals with the estimation of the potential yield and actual yield on farmers' fields and with the identification of factors responsible for difference between these two yield levels. The fourth step focused on why farmers were not doing what was required to realize on-farm economic yield potential. Descriptive analysis was used with the aid of tabular method to classify the data and derive meaningful findings by employing percentages, means and standard deviations. Data were analysed through SPSS 12.0 and MS Excel 4.0 programme.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agriculturist. 1 (1): 13-22, 2008, ISSN 1812-4631

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The biotic and abiotic factors combined were observed to be responsible for the 26.77% yield loss ( gap between the best practice and the farmers average yield) which constituted a mean yield gap of 641 kg/ha. The bio-physical constraints which affected wheat production were, lack of good quality seed, poor management, lack of proper utilization of irrigation facilities etc. The main socioeconomic constraints were lack of proper knowledge, high price and scarcity of fertilizers at the farm level, shortage of human labour, draft power and dearth of cash.

Knowledge Management: Journal