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A Study on the Determination of Heavy Metals in Sediment of Fish Farms in Bangladesh

Jahangir Sarker Md
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Indrani Kanungo
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Mehedi Hasan Tanmay
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Shamsul Alam Patwary Md
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To assess the environmental pollution of the selected fish farms in Mymensingh, in particular heavy metals in mud surface sediments this investigation was made. Surface sediment samples (0-15 cm) from 20 ponds of a fish farm were collected in February 2014 with a single core sampler and were analyzed to measure the concentrations (mg/Kg DW) of Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) by atomic absorption spectrometry using a VARIAN model AA2407 in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute’s laboratory. The measured concentration of heavy metals in the present study was in order of, Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd which are quite similar to the findings of other sediment of pond mud. The mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni observed in the present study were 208, 14.845, 0.009, 63.054 and 58.665 mg/kg respectively. The ranges of the measured concentrations (mg/kg) in the total sediments were 11.5-18.5 for Pb, 0.007-0.011 for Cd, 53.5-77.3 for Cr, 50.8-66.4 for Ni and 100-250 for Zn. The concentrations of Zn and Ni in all sediment samples were above the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) guideline for severely polluted sediment and the concentration of Cr falls under the moderately polluted range. The metal Pb and Cd concentrations were well below the regulated level as per USEPA. The study results revealed that, the pond mud sediment quality in Mymensingh region might be considered as highly and moderately polluted for Zn, Ni and Cr respectively.

Keywords: Heavy metals; Sediment; Sediment quality guidelines; Mymensingh; Bangladesh

Location: Talukdar fish farm located at Shambhuganj Gouripur upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal

Objectives:

1. To know the heavy metal concentration in sediments of the fish farms

2. To assess the sediment characteristics regarding the status of pollutants

Methodology:

The research work was conducted in 20 different fresh water aquaculture ponds of Talukdar fish farm located at Shambhuganj Gouripur upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh during February, 2014. Different fish species such as Koi (Anabas testudineus), Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis), Magur (Clarius batrachus), Silver carp (Hypothalmicthys molitrix); Tilapia (Tilapia mossumbica), Rui (Labeo rohita) and Pangus (Pangasius pangasius) are cultured in the fish farm for 120 days to 300 days depending on the prices and demand of fish market. Total 60 sediment samples were taken from 20 ponds (3 replicates from each pond) by a single core sampler of (0- 15) cm depth. The samples were then brought back to laboratory and were dried immediately at room temperature in a well aerated room In laboratory 1 g of dried sediment was weighed into 50 ml beakers, followed by the addition of 10 ml mixture of analytical grade acids HNO₃:HCIO₄ in the ratio 5:1. The digestion was performed at a temperature of about 190ºC for 1.5 h. After cooling, the solution was made up to a final volume (30 ml) with distilled water in a volumetric flask. The metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) using a VARIAN model (AA2407) in the laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Analysis of each sample was carried out 4 times to obtain representative results and the data reported in mg/kg (on a dry matter basis). Baker and Amacher method for Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Burau method for Pb determination were followed.

Source of Information: Fish Aquac J 2016, 7:1, ISSN: 2150-3508

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000159

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The concentration of heavy metals was in order of, Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. According to the present study, sediment can be categorized as heavily polluted for Zn and Ni whereas the areas can be categorized as moderately polluted for Cr according to USEPA. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in sediment were within the EPA sediment quality proposed and Consensus–Cased Sediment Quality Guidelines.

Knowledge Management: Journal