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Low-cost Sustainable Technologies for the Production of Clean Drinking Water—a Review

Sharmin Zaman
Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sabina Yeasmin
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Yasuhiro Inatsu
National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba-shi, Japan

Chiraporn Ananchaipattana
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Tech-nology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Thailand

Mohammad Latiful Bari
Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water has always been an important and life-sustaining drink to humans and is essential to the survival of all known organisms. Over large parts of the world, humans have inadequate access to drinking water and use water contaminated with disease vectors, pathogens or unacceptable levels of toxins or suspended solids. Drinking such water or using it in food preparation leads to widespread, acute and chronic illnesses and is a major cause of death and misery in many countries. The UN estimates that over 2.0 billion people have limited access to safe water and nearly 800 million people lack even the most basic supply of clean water. The main issue is the affordability of water purifying systems. Many people rely on boiling water or bottled water, which can be expensive. Therefore, technologies that are cost effective, sustainable, ease of operation/maintenance and the treatment processes with locally available materials are required. In this article, some unique low-cost sustainable technologies available/or in-use, i.e. natural filtration, riverbank filtration, biosand filtration, membrane filtration, solar water disinfection technique, biologically degradable materials such as moringa powder, scallop powder treatment, and biosand pitcher treatments have been discussed.

Keywords: Sustainable Technology; Clean Drinking Water; Low Cost; Bio-Sand Filtration; Natural Filtration; Solar Disinfection

Location: Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To review on the low-cost sustainable technologies available or in-use for the production of clean drinking water.

Methodology:

In this review paper, natural filtration, riverbank filtration, sand filtration, membrane filtration, bio-sand filtration, combined physical and chemical treatments were discussed. In addition, membrane filtration systems, solar distillation and pasteurization system and other purification systems in the developing regions were also discussed.

Source of Information: Journal of Environmental Protection, 2014, 5, 42-53

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.scirp.org/journal/jep; http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2014.51006

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Concerning the selection of a suitable method for microbial examination, it should be observed that no technique that is 100% sensitive, 100% specific exists. All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Now the challenge is to decide the method that performs the most of the characteristics of the ideal method for the users’ practical background. Advantages should be optimally exploited and disadvantages should be recognized. Different users may choose appropriate alternative techniques based on two criteria: 1) corresponding tests to resources and 2) corresponding tests to applications.

Knowledge Management: Journal