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Whitefly, Host Plant and Parasitoid: a Review on Their Interactions

M Mostafizur Rahman Shah
Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rangpur, BANGLADESH

Shi-Ze Zhang
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, CHINA

Tong-Xian Liu
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, CHINA

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an enormously polyphagous insect pest showing the intercrop movement, high reproduction, resistances to insecticides, under-leaf habitat, and virus transmission. In the past decades, numerous studies revealed the interactions of whitefly, host plant, and their natural enemies. The oviposition, development, survivorship, and behavior of B. tabaci are mostly mediated by host plants. Numerous parasitoid species are essential components controlling whiteflies biologically; they parasitize whitefly nymphs and kill them through active feeding. Studies showed that appropriate conservation and augmentation techniques of parasitoids can make them more dynamic on the crops in protected environment and even in exposed cropping field. Moreover, the performance of parasitoid is influenced by several factors including number and release rate of parasitoid, intra- and inter-specific competition, stage, size and density of whitefly nymph as well as environmental factors and host plants. In this review, we summarized the progress and findings of how B. tabaci adapt on various plant species, interactions of host plant and the whitefly, B. tabaci, interactions between parasitoids and plant species, interactions among parasitoid species, interactions among host plant, B. tabaci and parasitoid in the last decade. We also discussed the possibility of using parasitoids for suppression of whitefly populations.

Keywords: Biological control, Whitefly, Host plants, Parasitoids, Interactions

Location: Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rangpur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To review the recent evolution and findings of adaptation of B. tabaci on various plants and ecosystem, and their interactions with parasitoids in different aspects in the last decade.

Methodology:

While and wherever a female insect lays eggs or deposits larvae have a determining influence on her fitness as well as adaptation. Feeding and oviposition are crucial for host selection in herbivores that enhance them to adapt to a new host. It was thought that both the plant nutrients and secondary volatile chemicals might be the most critical for insects to establish them on a particular host. However, whiteflies have ability to adapt to new host plants and zones for the reasons of its sole biochemical and biological characteristics.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 4, 47-60, 2015; ISSN 2305-915X(p); 2307-9584(e)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://journals.abc.us.org/index.php/ajase/issue/archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The whitefly, B. tabaci establishment onto new host plant is mainly considered by feeding as well as oviposition preference which is mediated by plant leaf features and chemicals inside. Moreover, natural enemies with abiotic factors play a fundamental role to adapt whitefly on host plants. Parasitoids prefer larger host to oviposit and show better performance but more efficient on smaller host to control. A large number of researches revealed, parasitoids usually prefer earlier host stages to feed, and only some studies illustrated that older host stages are preferred. Some parasitoids have higher parasitism ability, and their efficiency depends on augmentation period. Therefore, during application of parasitoids to control whiteflies biologically, we have to be emphasized on locally available parasitoid species, sequence of parasitoid initiation, intra-specific or inter-specific competitive interactions of parasitoids, host plant species, whitefly population density and nymphal stages, and finally field condition. To develop the best strategies for whitefly management on vegetables and other field crops, the careful thought should be given to the interactions among three components including whitefly-host plant-parasitoid.

Knowledge Management: Journal