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Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth (eichhornia Crassipes)

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sustainability generally depends on the socio-economic development of a country and the availability and consumption of energy. The available sources of energy can be classified into nonrenewable and renewable. In the renewable account, the energy is being deposited everyday whereas the non- renewable energy deposits are continuously depleted by our withdrawals. Due to continuous depletion in the natural resources by an increased consumption of the energy, alternatives of fossil fuels must be searched out. Bioenergy is the only alternative and cheap source of energy which can be made available especially for the rural agricultural people of Bangladesh. This paper describes the various uses of an important energy crop, Water hyacinth and the production of biogas using it as a feedstock, which could be collected from the water body and converted to gas, fertilizer and many other useful products.

Keywords: Water hyacinth, Water purification, Biomass, Compost, Biogas

Location: Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To study the possibility and potentiality of Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes).

Methodology:

Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion which takes place in a reactor or digester (an air tight container usually sited below ground) and the usable product is methane gas which can be used as a fuel for cooking, lighting or for powering an engine to provide shaft power. The residue from the digestion process provides a fertilizer rich in nutrients. In this method water hyacinth is to shred into slurry and digest in a continuous process, as cow dung is customarily used. Experiment will need a digestion tank (known as the Digester), shredders, gas holders, pipes and fittings, a supply of water hyacinth, cow dung and catalyst. Animal farm should be the part of the project or associated with it as animal manure also acts as an important catalyst and increases the production of biogas. About 4000 liters of gas per ton of semi dried water hyacinth being produced with a methane content of up to 64%. A blend of Water hyacinth and Cow dung in the ratio of 2:3 by weight is most suitable for bio gas production. Addition of very little amount of lower volatile fatty acid particularly acetic acid facilitates the gas production. This technique is very much helpful at the village level of Bangladesh for the farmers using biogas plants. The rate of production of biogas from Water hyacinth is higher as compared to Cow dung slurry. The digested slurry (residue) can be used as useful chemical free eco-friendly manure.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Volume 1, No 1 (2012); ISSN 2305-915X

Article Link (Online Journal): http://journals.abc.us.org/index.php/ajase/issue/archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

As an abundantly available source of biomass, the excessive growth of Water Hyacinth can be used as energy production as well as a resource of various important uses. By using water hyacinth biomass in Bangladesh, biogas can be produced and many other useful items and hence increase employment opportunity and generate income.

Knowledge Management: Journal