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Phytormediation of Copper Toxicity in Soil by Various Corn and Vegetables of Bangladesh

M. Mafizur Rahman
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Jakaria
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

M. Shahriar
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

S.K. Biswas
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Rokibul Islam
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In Bangladesh copper toxicity created in agricultural fields due to using copper containing fungicide or fertilizer and in some industrial areas due to its effluents. The aim of present study is to identify hyperaccumulator corn and vegetables that are effective for phytoremediation of copper in polluted area. Twelve types of vegetables are selected and each is planted in artificial copper contaminated soils. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) is used for analysis of copper in soils and vegetable samples in which six vegetable species are selected as hyperaccumlators and thus they can be used for remediation of polluted area. The highest accumulation rate of copper in case of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), swamp cabbage (Ipomoea aquatica), sudan grass (Indian ricegnas), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), lentils (Lens culinaris ) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) are respectively 9.19 mg/g, 1.86 mg/kg, 11.77 mg/g, 2.71 mg/g, 1.19 mg/g and 22.97 mg/g. Thus these plants can be used for remediation of polluted area.

Keywords: Copper ion, Heavy metals, Hyperaccumulator, Phytoextraction, Remediation

Location: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination of soil

Objectives:

To identify hyperaccumulator corn and vegetables that are effective for phytoremediation of copper in polluted area.

Methodology:

Soil sample and measurement: Soil sample is collected from the garden of Soil Resource Development Institute (S.R.D.I.) zonal research center muraridah, Jhenaidah (district). Here only the surface soil is collected. After that, the soil is dried in natural air, clean to remove grass and dirt in a 2mm iron sieve. The soil sample also grinded. The collected soil is tested for the presence of different metal concentration Cu, Mg, K, N, P, S, B, Zn, Fe, Mn, pH and organic matter etc. Plantation: Spread seeds on damp paper towel, cover with several paper towels, and store in a warm, dark place for 3 days until they sprout. Make stock solution of 0.1M, 0.05M and 0.025M Copper sulphate. For 0.1M, add 15.96g Copper sulphate and fill with distilled water to the 1 Liter mark on the volumetric flask. Use the same procedure for 0.05 M by adding 7.98 g Copper sulphate and for 0.025 M by adding 3.99 g and filling the 1 Liter volumetric flasks with the distilled water to the line. Prepare 38 growth chambers by cutting off the top third of each plastic bottle. The top piece is then inverted, placed on top of the chamber and taped to the base. Heat a cork borer and use it to punch a 1 centimeter port hole in the bottle approximately 1 inch above the bottom of the bottle. The port hole will serve to remove water. Add equal amounts of soil to each growth chamber. Be sure to consider control chambers using only regular potting soil (without plants) and paper towel only. Seedlings should have grown into paper towel. Use three growth chambers for each type of seeds. Allow the seedlings to grow in soil for 14 days. The first day, add 50 mL distilled water to all of the growth chambers. The second day, add 20 mL distilled water to all of the growth chambers. The third day, water one set of bottles and bottle containing plain soil and bottle with paper towel and no soil (as controls) with 20 mL of 0.1M Copper sulphate, the second set with 20 mL of 0.05M Copper sulphate and the third set with 20 mL of 0.025M Copper sulphate Repeat the overall watering process for 14 days. On the last day, remove a small sample of the filtrate (water which has drained through the soil). The results obtained from the copper test are in mg/L or parts per million (ppm). Plant harvest and analysis: Plant samples were gently removed from the pots after 14 days sowing for the measurement of copper accumulation or extraction, and then washed with distilled water 20 minutes for the removal of adhere so. In this study cucumber (Cucumis sativus), swamp cabbage (Ipomoea aquatica), Sudan grass(Indian ricegnas), Maize (Zea mays), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Pea (Pisum sativum), Lentils (Lens culinaris), bitter melon (Momordica charantia), Spinach(Spinacia oleracea), beans (barbette) (Vigna sinensis) plants are collected. They were blotted dry on filter paper and dried at high oven temperature for 2 to 3 minutes. To determine the amount of copper in the plants, 0.5gm dried plant material is taken in crucible in which 5ml 68% (percent) nitric acid is added. After incubation overnight it will be placed in the tube in digester and setting the temperature 125⁰C. After 4 hours incubation it is needed to cool to make volume 100ml with distilled water. Filtering of mixture is done then reading with AAS is performed. Determination of Copper content in the Soil: The DTPA method for quantifying heavy metals in soil samples. From soil copper will be extracted using DTPA(DIOXY TRI-AMINE PENTA ACETIC ACID) solution.10mg dried soil is taken in crucible in which 20ml DTPA solution is added. The mixture shakes for two hours in shaker. Then the mixture in filtrated. The filtrate is diluted upto100ml with distilled water. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SHIMADZAA-6300) with auto sampler (SHIMADZU 6100) and hallow cathode lamp (HAMAMATSU PHONICS K.K) were used to determine the Cu concentration of samples.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Volume 1, No 1 (2012); ISSN 2305-915X

Article Link (Online Journal): http://journals.abc.us.org/index.php/ajase/issue/archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest accumulation rate of copper in case of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), swamp cabbage (Ipomoea aquatica), sudan grass (Indian ricegnas), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), lentils (Lens culinaris ) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) are respectively 9.19 mg/g, 1.86 mg/kg, 11.77 mg/g, 2.71 mg/g, 1.19 mg/g and 22.97 mg/g. Thus these plants can be used for remediation of polluted area.

Knowledge Management: Journal