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Exogenous Jasmonic Acid Modulates the Physiology, Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems in Imparting Drought Stress Tolerance in Different Brassica Species

Md. Mahabub Alam
Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh

Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh

Masayuki Fujita
Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study examined the ability of jasmonic acid (JA) to enhance drought tolerance in different Brassica species in terms of physiological parameters, antioxidants defense, and glyoxalase system. Ten-day-old seedlings were exposed to drought (15% polyethylene glycol, PEG-6000) either alone or in combination with 0.5 mM JA. Drought significantly increased lipoxygenase activity and oxidative stress, levels of malondialdehyde and H₂O₂. Drought reduced seedling biomass, chlorophyll (chl) content, and leaf relative water content (RWC). Drought increased proline, oxidized ascorbate (DHA) and glutathi- one disulfide (GSSG) levels. Drought affected different species differently: in B. napus , catalase (CAT) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities were decreased, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were increased in drought-stressed compared to unstressed plants; in B. campestris, activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glyoxalase I (Gly I), GST, and GPX were increased, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), CAT and other enzymes were decreased; in B. juncea, activities of ascorbate peroxidase, GR, GPX, Gly I were increased; Gly II activity was decreased and other enzymes did not change. Spraying drought-stressed seedlings with JA increased GR and Gly I activities in B. napus; increased MDHAR activity in B. campestris; and increased DHAR, GR, GPX, Gly I and Gly II activities in B. juncea. JA improved fresh weight, chl, RWC in all species, dry weight increased only in B. juncea. Brassica juncea had the lowest oxidative stress under drought, indicating its natural drought tolerance capacity. The JA improved drought tolerance of B. juncea to the highest level among studied species.

Keywords: Drought tolerance, Antioxidants, Oxidative stress, Jasmonic acid in drought tolerance, Polyethylene glycol, Mustard

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To elucidate the possible roles of JA (Jasmonic acid) in drought tolerance, with special reference to the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems as well as some other physiological parameters, in different Brassica species.
To show JA-induced, coordinated upregulation of both antioxidant defense compounds and glyoxalase in Brassica species in response to drought stress.

Methodology:

Seeds of three Brassica spp. ( Brassica napus L. cv. BARI Sharisha 13, Brassica campestris L. cv. BARI Sharisha 9 and Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI Sharisha 11) were surface-sterilized with 70 % ethanol for 10 min and washed, then placed in Petri plates (9 cm) lined with 6 layers of filter paper moistened with 10 ml of distilled water and germinated in the dark for 2 days. Then seedlings were grown under controlled conditions (light 100 l mol photon m^-2s^-1 ; temperature 25 ± 2°C; RH 65–70 %). Seedlings were supplied with 10,000-fold diluted Hyponex (Hyponex, Japan) as nutrient. After 10 days, one set of seedlings of each species of Brassica was subjected to drought by adding 15 % polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000, Wako, Japan) to the Hyponex solution. Another set of seedlings was sprayed with different levels of JA (methyl jasmonate, Wako, Japan) containing 0.02% Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, Wako, Japan). A preliminary experiment was conducted with 4 different concentrations of JA (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mM). Based on the performance of preliminary results, the main experiment was conducted by treating the seedlings with 0.5 mM JA and 15% Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Control plants were grown in Hyponex solution only. Data were measured after 48 h. The experiment was repeated three times. Fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings Ten randomly selected fresh seedlings from each treatment were weighed, recorded and considered as fresh weight (FW). Dry weight (DW) was determined after drying the seedlings at 80°C for 48 h.Relative water content, Chlorophyll content, Proline content, Lipid peroxidation, Hydrogen peroxide, Extraction and measurement of ascorbate and glutathione, Protein determination, Enzyme extraction and assays, etc., were determined following standard procedure.All data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and the mean differences were compared by a DMRT)using XLSTAT v.2013.5.03 software (Addinsoft 2013 ). Differences at P < 0.05 were considered significant.

Source of Information: Plant Biotechnol Rep (2014) 8:279–293, (DOI 10.1007/s11816-014-0321-8)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mirza_Hasanuzzaman/publication/265972327_Exogenous_jasmonic_acid_modulates_the_physiology_antioxidant_defense_and_glyoxalase_systems_in_imparting_drought_stress_tolerance_in_different_Brassica_species/links/54c351b50cf

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study and the available literature reviewed lead to the conclusion that, an exogenous JA spray might be an effective agent for eliciting short-term drought tolerance in different Brassica species although the responses varied. The species responded differently with respect to antioxidant and glyoxalase enzyme activities. JA reduced the oxidative stress in all cases and improved physiological adaptation in most of the species under drought stress. The best response to JA was observed with B. juncea under drought stress. This species also showed less damage effects among all the species under drought stress, which reflects its natural drought tolerance capacity. However, this is a study at an elementary level, considering the point that the studies regarding the effects of JA in conferring drought as well as abiotic stress tolerances are scarce indeed. Information regarding the effects of JA on the glyoxalase system is also very rare and elucidation of these facts are important. JA has been reported as an important signaling molecule that also interacts with other hormones or signaling molecules known to be important in stress signaling pathways. Fundamental studies of these features at the molecular and transcript levels might be further areas of research.

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