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Nutritional Status of High Yielding Crossbred Cow Around Parturition

Mohammad Yousuf
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Rashedul Alam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

Amir Hossan Shaikat
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

Md. Shohel Al Faruk
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. Saifuddin
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

A. S. M. Lutful Ahasan
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

Kamrul Islam
One Health Epidemiology Fellow, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Bio - medical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand; Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka - 1212, Bangladesh.

S. K. M . Azizul Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong - 4225, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional status of high yielding dairy cattle around parturition. Nutritional status of cows around the peri - parturient period was investigated for six months in the Paharika Farm Ltd., a well- organized intensive commercial dairy farm at Fatikchari, Chittagongdair. Seven to eight months’ pregnant cows were selected for this study. Blood samples from 24 randomly selected cows were collected at stage - 1, - 2 and - 3. The serum was stored at - 20ºC until analyzing glucose, total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), triglycerides (Tg), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P). An increasing trend of glucose level was evidenced ( P =0.07) during stage - 1. Instead, higher levels of TP were found during stage - 3 as compared to the stage - 1 and - 2. The Alb levels differed significantly ( P <0.01) among different stages. A significant ly increased ( P <0.01) cholesterol, Tg, and HDL were found after parturition (stage - 2 and - 3) than before parturition (stage - 1). LDL was significantly ( P =0.02) increased during stage - 2 and - 3. A significantly higher level of C a ( P <0.01), Mg ( P <0.01) and P ( P =0.03) were present during stage - 1. Glucose, TP, cholesterol and Tg were significantly higher ( P <0.01) in cows two months after parturition, while Alb was found to be the highest ( P <0.01) in cows immediately after parturition. An increasing trend of LDL ( P = 0.07) and HDL ( P =0.07 ) were found in the cows two months after parturition. However, Ca levels were significantly ( P =0.04) higher in cows two months after parturition. The results indicate that there exists alteration of biochemical levels among the study population at three different stages, and these data might be helpful in formulating the necessary nutrient level of the high yielding cows around their parturition.

Keywords: Crossbred cow, High yield, Nutritional status, Parturition

Location: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Start Date: 00-06-2014

End Date: 00-11-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To evaluate nutritional status of high yielding dairy cattle around parturition.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was carried out in Paharika Farm Ltd., a well - organized intensive commercial dairy farm at Fatikchari, Chittagong for a period of six months from June 2014 to November 2014. There were a total of three hundred cattle in the farm; among them 30 were male and 270 were female. Among 270 female, 50 were heifers, 90 were dry cows and 130 were milking cows. A total of twenty - four crossbred Holstein Friesian dairy cows were chosen for the study. The selected cows had same parity, similar body condition score (BCS), and were around 25 - 30 days earlier from the expected delivery date. Twenty - four selected cows were given unique identification numbers by proper tagging and monitored for 3 months for three different phases during June to November of 2014. The phases were included as one month before projected date of parturition, within 7 days after parturition and 2 month after parturition. From each cow, blood samples were collected during three consecutive phases. A total of 72 blood samples were collected during three phases.Necessary consent from the farm owner was taken, and the samples were collected as per the ethical guidelines giving no harm to the animals. Approximately 5 m L blood was aseptically collected between 7 am to 10 am from the jugular vein via vein puncture by proper restraining technique. Collected blood samples were preserved in a vaccutainer without using any anticoagulant for perfect coagulation. After 3 h, the coagulated blood samples were centrifuged using a centrifuge machine for 20 min at 3000 rpm. The serum samples were centrifuged at the farm level before transporting them back to the research laboratory. Obtained serum samples were transferred to eppendorf tube and given a unique identification number. Then the samples were kept in a cool box for transportation from study area to research laboratory at the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. After reaching the laboratory, the serum samples were further centrifuged using micro - centrifuge machine at 3000 rpm for 15 min to get pure serum. The serum was separated and transferred to a new eppendorf tube using a micropipette. The eppendorf tube was tagged properly and stored in - 20 ºC until further analysis. Appropriate aseptic methods were taken at the serum analysis time in the laboratory. Before the analysis, serum and all reagents were thawed at room temperature for 30 min. The serum samples were vortexed for homogenous mixing components of serum. Concentration of glucose, TP, Alb, Tg, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Ca, P and Mg were assayed using an automated biochemical analyzer according to the prescribed protocol given by the kit manufacturer. Randox kits were used for determination of glucose, TP, Alb , Tg, Cholesterol and Ca; Chroma test kits for P, and Mg; Biorex kits for HDL, and LDL. A total number of 72 serum samples were analyzed according to manufacturer’s instructions. All results were stated as mean± standard deviation (SD). The biochemical analysis data were first entered in MS - Excel Worksheet and then exported into STATA 11. One way ANOVA was use d to comparison the biochemical values among three stages of cow (stage - 1 - one month before the expected date of parturition, stage - 2 - within 7 days after parturition and stage - 3 - two months after parturition) whilst between the last two groups compared by t - test. Significance level fixed for ^A,BP ≤0.01 and ^a,bP ≤0.05, 0.05< P ≤0.1 was considered as a trend.

Source of Information: Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, Vol 3 No 1, Pages 68-74, March-2016, ISSN 2311-7710 (Electronic)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://doi.org/10.5455/javar. 2016.c134

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The current experiment found dissimilar levels of glucose, total protein, lipid profiles (Cholesterol,Tg,LDL and HDL), and minerals (Ca, Mg and P) around the peri - parturient period in crossbred cows. The analyzed parameters indicated that, there were alteration of serum biochemical levels in the study population at three different stages of peri - parturient period. For comprehensive evaluation of the values of different parameters at different stages of parturient event, further studies should be carried out.

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