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Incidence and Severity of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Under Phytopesticidal Management

S. B. Bhyan
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. H. Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. Alam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Patuakhali Science and Technology University , Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

M. S. Ali
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experimentation was made to investigate the incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and its effect on the nutritional components in fruits and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum taken under phytopesticidal management. Phytopesticidal treatments used in the study were extracts of neem (Azadiracta indica) fruits, garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs, karamja (Pongamia pinnata) leaves and mehogoni (Swietenia macrophylla) seeds. Plots with no phytopesticidal treatments were used as control. Plants under no management were found to be in highest incidence of the virus. There were significant effect of phytopesticides in reducing the incidence and severity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Among the treatments, Karamja extract performed best against TYLCV in all respect of yield and yield related parameters of tomato. Viral infection in tomato plants caused a negative effect on fruit nutrition. Though negative effect of TYLCV infection was found for chlorophyll A content in tomato leaves, but for chlorophyll B, it caused no significant effect.

Keywords: Incidence, Severity, Phytopesticides, Plant extracts, Tomato, TYLCV

Location: Department of Plant Pathology; and laboratories of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-11-2005

End Date: 00-04-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To determine the rate of incidence of okra mosaic virus and its severity on yield and nutrition of okra plants

Methodology:

The experimentation was undertaken at the experimental fields of the Department of Plant Pathology; and laboratories of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during November, 2005 to April, 2006. Four different plant extracts viz. extracts of neem (Azadiracta indica) fruits, garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs, karamja (Pongamia pinnata) leaves and mehogoni (Swietenia macrophylla) seeds were used as phytopesticidal agents. Plots with no phytopesticidal treatments were used as control. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Suspension of different plant extracts containing 50% (w/w) plant extract/water with 10% acetone sprayed individually by hand sprayer. The research work included both field and laboratory experiments. In the field, the suspension of different plant extracts were sprayed individually by hand sprayer. First spray was done after 30 days of transplanting. The plant extracts were sprayed 3 times at 15 days interval. All exposed surface of the plants including leaves, buds, twigs, branches and fruits were sprayed. Control plots were sprayed with distilled water. Data were recorded on individual plant basis from 10 randomly selected plants (5 healthy and 5 diseased) in each plot. Sampling was done at one stage of the plants. Virus infestation was examined carefully in the plants from top to bottom. Fruits were harvested in the morning considering the uniformity in size, shape and color at each maturity stage. The collected fruits were carried in gunny bags and then half of the collected samples were immediately transferred to the storage rooms and the rest were in the laboratory for chemical analyzes. Proper care was taken while harvesting and handling to avoid any mechanical injury. Five healthy and five diseased plants were selected randomly from each plot for data collection in such a way that the border effect could be avoided for the highest precision. Data recorded in the field experiment were percentage of infested plants plot^-1, percentage of leaf area infestation, plant height, number of flowers plant^-1, number of fruits plant^-1, percentage of fruit setting, individual fruit weight and yield plant^-1. Estimation of vitamin C, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and protein content in the fruits and chlorophyll content in the leaves were done to evaluate the severity of the virus under phytopesticidal treatments. The amount of chemical components was analyzed using standard analytical methods. Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method using CuSO₄ and K₂SO₄ mixture (1:9). Then the percentage of protein was calculated by multiplying the per cent nitrogen of the sample with a factor of 6.25. Potassium content of the fruit extract was determined by Flame Photometer measuring the intensity of light emitted by potassium at 768 cm wave length. The fruit extract were analyzed for iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method at 248.3 cm wave length. Calcium content of fruit extract was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. For calcium content analysis, 5 mL of 3.25% LaCl₃ solution was added with 50 mL extract and the absorbance reading was taken at 422.7 cm wave lengths. Chlorophyll content of leaf was determined extracting with 80% acetone method. Vitamin C content was measured. Data were analyzed for ANOVA with the help of a computer package program of MSTAT. A two way ANOVA was made by F variance test. The pair comparisons were performed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Regression line was prepared using MS Excel.

Source of Information: International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(7): 590-598, 2007, ISSN 1816-4897.

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ijar.2007.590.598, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijar.2007.590.598

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Phytopesticides played an important role in reducing the intensity and severity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato plants. Infection of TYLCV caused a significant loss of yield parameters and nutrient contents in the fruits and leaves of tomato. Moreover, disease infection caused by TYLCV had a significant negative effect on fruit nutrition and chlorophyll content in the leaves of tomato except for chlorophyll B content. But, it was not clear from the present experimentation, whether the effect of phytopesticides was direct or indirect. So, to have a sound understanding about the present result, future investigation on the biochemical study of the plant extracts and of molecular response of the host due to TYLCV infection needed.

Knowledge Management: Journal