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Utilization of Urea and Urease Treated Rice Straw by Indigenous Growing Cattle

M. Akter
Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher- e - Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Asaduzzaman
Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher- e - Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M.M. Hossain
Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher- e - Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

L. Asad
Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher- e - Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of treatment of rice straw with urea and a urease containing midden soil on the chemical composition of treated rice straw, feed intake of the animals, nutrients digestibility, body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and overall economy of feeding for a period of 105 days. Twelve indigenous growing cattle (live weight 130.00±1.67 kg) were selected and divided into four groups having three animals in each group. The animals received 3.0% urea + 2.0% midden soil treated rice straw (group A), 3.0% urea + 3.0% midden soil treated rice straw (group B), 3.0% urea + 4.0% midden soil treated rice straw (group C) and 3.0% urea + 5.0% midden soil treated rice straw (group D). In addition, all the animals were supplied with 2 kg green grass, 450 g concentrate mixture and 40 g salt per 100 kg body weight. Treatment of rice straw with 3.0% urea+ 2.0% midden soil lead to an increase in crude protein content from 3.30 to 7.08%, which was further increased by 7.40, 7.90 and 8.14% if treated with 3.0% urea + 3.0% midden soil, 3.0% urea + 4.0% midden soil and 3. 0% urea + 5.0% midden soil, respectively. The total live weight gain by the end of the experimental period (105 days) was 39.00, 42.50, 46.50 and 49.00 kg for groups A, B, C and D respectively. The addition of 5.0% midden soil as a urease source with 3.0% urea (D) treated rice straw not only significantly (P<0.01) increased the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extracts (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE), but also significantly (P<0.05) increased the coefficient of digestibility of (OM) compared to treatment of rice straw with 3.0% urea + 4.0% midden soil (C), 3.0% urea + 3.0% midden soil (B) or 3.0% urea + 2.0% midden soil (A). Digestible organic matter (DOM), digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible crude fibre (DCF), digestible nitrogen free extract (DNFE) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents were significantly (P<0.01) higher in diet D, compared to diets A, B and C. Total profit of meat production in group D was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in groups A, B and C.

Keywords: Indigenous growing cattle, Midden soil, Rice straw, Urea and Urease

Location: Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher- e - Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Cattle, Fodder

Objectives:

To assess the upgrade of the nutritive value of rice straw by process of treating with urea and urease containing midden soil and its effects on growth performance of indigenous growing cattle.

Methodology:

Rice straw was purchased from a local farmer for the experimental purpose. Rice polish, mustard oil cake, dicalcium phosphate and salt were purchased from a local market. Green grasses were cultivated in the fodder plot. Rice straw was chopped at a particle size of 4 to 6 cm prior to treatment. Midden soil was collected from different sides of the cowdung pit, mixed properly, dried in the sun; the composite sample was ground by an automatic grinder and preserved. Mustard oil cake was also ground with the help of a mechanical grinder. Commercial fertilizer grade granulated urea (NH₂-CO-NH₂, 43% N) was purchased prior to treatment. Ten (10) kg of rice straw was spreaded on a clean concrete floor. Then commercial urea at the rate of 3.0% (on straw DM basis) was dissolved in 10 litres of water. The urea solution was sprayed throughout the chopped straw with a hand garden sprayer and the straw was mixed properly to achieve uniform wetting by the hand. Thereafter, finely ground midden soil was hand-sprayed to straw according to treatments (2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0% and 5.0% respectively in treatments A; B, C and D) and mixed manually as evenly as possible. In this way, the total quantity of straw was mixed with urea solution and midden soil. Treated straw were kept into a silo pit, squeezed sufficiently to expel excess air and covered by double layer polythene sheet to ensure anaerobic condition. This preserved straw was kept for 7 days before feeding to the animals of group A. Twelve indigenous growing cattle with an average body weight of 130.00 ± 1.67 kg were selected for this study following randomized block design (RBD). The animals of group A received 3.0% urea + 2.0% midden soil treated ensiled straw, group B received 3.0% urea + 3.0% midden soil treated ensiled straw, group C received 3.0% urea + 4.0% midden soil treated ensiled straw and group D received 3.0% urea + 5.0% midden soil treated ensiled straw. Animals were supplied with treated rice straw ad libitum, 2 kg green grass and 450 g of concentrate mixture (where rice polish and mustard oil cake were mixed in 1:1 ratio) per 100 kg live weight of animal; dicalcium phosphate was given at 10 g / 100 kg body weight. Salt was supplied to the animal at 40 g / 100 kg body weight per day. The ration was adjusted weekly with the increase of body weight of the animals. Chemical analysis for crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), Ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were done with the correspondents samples of feed, left- over and faeces, following the AOAC. Data were analyzed using the "MSTAT" statistical programme to compute analysis of variation (ANOVA) for a randomized block design (RBD) and the mean values with standard error deviation (S ED) were recorded. The Dun- can's multiple range test (DMRT) was also done for different parameter to compare the treatment means.

Source of Information: Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science (2015) 5(3), 529-535

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=205024

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rice straw treatment with urea and midden soil upsurge its nutrient composition, digestibility and TDN value. Urea and midden soil treated rice straw significantly improved animal performance, including body weight gain and meat yield. For better utilization, rice straw could be treated with 3.0% urea + 5.0% midden soil. Moreover, this treatment reduced the rearing cost of animals by improving the growth performance of animals.

Knowledge Management: Journal