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Anatomy of the Rachis of the Inflorescence of Pigeonpea (cajanus Cajan)

Shahanara Begum
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Azharul Islam
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. Azad-ud-doula Prodhan
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The anatomical investigation of the rachis was made on the basis of flower removal. Two different types of rachis were investigated. One type of rachis was normal (control) which developed naturally up to maturity and another type was deflowered (treated) where flowers and buds were removed from the basal 3 nodes and then allowed the rachis to develop naturally up to maturity. After removal of flowers and buds, pods were found to be set in 4-6 nodes of the same rachis. The internal structure of rachis was more or less similar to that of the stem. Epidermis bears multicellular hairs and glandular trichomes. The vascular tissue decreased gradually from base upward. The vascular tissue became highly developed in the deflowered rachis. The cambium was highly active on its adaxial side and produced a large amount of secondary xylem adaxially and well developed sieve tube elements abaxially. Some large vessels were formed in the abaxial region of the xylem. In the middle and upper parts of the deflowered rachis, the radial dimension of xylem was several times higher than the corresponding part of the normal rachis. The vascular tissue was poorly developed in the apical part of the normal rachis. The xylem was mainly composed of fibre cells with ray parenchyma which was uniseriate or multiseriate. Pericycle was discontinuous at the basal part and gradually it formed a more or less continuous ring towards the apical part around the vascular cylinder. Tanniniferous cells were more in the normal rachis compared to that of the deflowered rachis.

Keywords: Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan, Anatomy, Rachis

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Start Date: 00-07-2003

End Date: 00-05-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Pigeonpea

Objectives:

To investigate the anatomical barriers related to floral abscission within the inflorescence of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.).

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the university farm and as well as in the Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh during the period of July 2003-May 2004. The seeds of pigeonpea were sown in polybags that were transplanted in pits of plots. The pigeonpea plants were allowed to grow in natural condition. Two different types of inflorescence were investigated. At the time of flowering, one type of inflorescence kept normal condition which developed naturally up to maturity, that were tagged as control inflorescence. Some inflorescences were deflowered up to third node from the base of the inflorescence and the upper flowers in the same rachis were as it is that was tagged as deflowered rachis. After this treatment both of this inflorescences were grown in natural condition. After removal of flowers and buds, pods are found to be set in 4-6 nodes of the same rachis. This pod bearing inflorescence samples were collected from both control and deflowered pigeonpea plants. Then immediately fixed in Craf III after making three pieces such as basal, middle and apical portion of the rachis. Some samples were fixed in FAA after making three pieces. The materials fixed in Craf III and FAA were dehydrated through the Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA) series. The materials fixed in FAA were washed in running water for 2-3 h before dehydration. The materials fixed in Craf III were very succulent. They were dehydrated gradually more grades of alcohol to avoid more shrinkage. The dehydrated materials were gradually infiltrated with paraffin oil and low melting point paraffin wax (51°C) for 1-3 days. The succulent materials were dehydrated for a longer period. Finally, the materials were embedded in high melting point paraffin wax (61°C). Repeated trial showed that there was less shrinkage when the materials were infiltrated for a longer period. Serial transverse sections were made at 10-15 μ by a rotary microtome. The sections were stained with safranin and fast green and mounted in Canada balsam after proper dehydration with ethyl alcohol and clearing with xylene. Free hand sections were also made from fresh and fixed materials. Olympus binocular compound microscope (Japan) was used to investigate the anatomical sections.

Source of Information: International Journal of Botany, 3(1): 85-90, 2007, ISSN 1811-9700.

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ijb.2007.85.90; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijb.2007.85.90

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Large vessels and prominent sieve tube elements were found to be developed in the deflowered rachis to conduct water and food materials for the growth and development of upper formed pods. It might be concluded that the removal of buds and flowers enhances the development of mechanical and conducting tissues in the rachis for the support, growth and development of the upper formed pods.

Knowledge Management: Journal