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A Cross Sectional Study of Several Diseases in Cattle at Chandanaish Upazilla of Chittagong District, Bangladesh

M.S. Pallaba
Department of Medicine and Surgery; Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202,Bangladesh

S.M. Ullah
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202,Bangladesh

M.M. Uddin
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202,Bangladesh

O.F. Miazi
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4202,Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Prevalence of several diseases is one of the most economically important matters for maintaining a good treatment schedule of an area. This study detects the prevalence of several diseases and to evaluate the disease condition of cattle population in the selected area. Records of 306 clinical cases of cattle (120 dairy cows, 89 bulls and 97 calves) treated at the Chandanaish Upazila Veterinary Hospital during the month from December 2010 to February 2011 were analyzed to assess the importance of existing diseases. The recorded clinical cases were classified into seven major diagnostic groups, of which the highest prevalence was recorded with digestive disorders (47.05%), followed by parasitic infection (26.79%), infectious diseases (7.84%), respiratory disorder (6.2%), surgical affections (5.22%), metabolic disorder (4.24%), ectoparasitic infection (1.96%) and others (0.65%). The percentage of occurrence of major diagnostic groups of disease constituted infectious disease, (cows 41.66%, bulls 33.33%, calves 25%), parasitic disease (cows 37.80%, bulls 19.05% and calves 42.68%), digestive disorders (cows 41.66% , bulls 35.41% and calves 22.91%), respiratory disorders (cows 21.05%, bulls 26.31% and calves 52.63%), ectoparasitic infection (cows 16.66%, bulls 33.33% and calves 50%),metabolic diseases ( cows 46.15%, bulls 38.46% and calves 15.38%) and surgical affections( cows 50%, bulls 12.5% and calves 37.5%). Though each of all the diagnostic groups of diseases is significant but the digestive disorder, parasitic and infectious diseases were the most pressing constraint for improvement of cattle at the Chandanaish Upazila in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Cattle, Diseases, Prevalence, Bangladesh

Location: Chandanaish Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong district

Start Date: 00-12-2010

End Date: 00-02-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken and designed with the objectives of identification & analysis of the trend of clinical diseases of cattle available in Chandanaish Upazila which will help to take different steps as preventive measures to control the incidence of clinical diseases of cattle.

Methodology:

Records of 306 clinical cases of cattle (120 dairy cows, 89 bulls and 97 calves) treated at the Chandanaish Upazila Veterinary Hospital during three months, from December 2010 to February 2011 were analyzed to assess the importance of existing diseases. The results were analyzed into seven major diagnostic groups in cows, bulls and calves. The age of each animal was determined by asking the owner and by dentition. Diagnosis of these cases was made on the basis of signalment (age, sex and breed), clinical history and clinical examinations. To avoid overlapping of these diseases, certain adjustments were made so that each disease was counted under only one group. The data on the occurrence of clinical diseases and disorders were analyzed into seven major diagnostic groups. These groups were: (1) Ectoparasitic infection, (2) Infectious diseases, (3) Parasitic disease, (4) Digestive disorders, (5) Respiratory disorders, (6) Metabolic diseases and (7) Surgical affection. The age and sex influence on the occurrence of diseases were also analyzed. Accordingly, data were analyzed into two age groups: cows and bulls (above 2 years) and calves (below 1 year). Clinical examination - Examination of body condition, temperature, faeces and any prominent clinical signs were recorded. Based on these findings a presumptive diagnosis was made. In addition, skull bone was palpated to feel the thicknesses of bone, the umbilical region of the calves were examined for any swelling, wound or hernial ring. The preputial mucosa and glans penis were examined for the presence of any purulent discharge or ulceration. The hindquarter and thigh muscles were observed to see lameness and crepitation on palpation. The udders of the cows were palpated to detect any enlargement, reddening or pain. The body surfaces of animals were examined for any swelling, wound or solid outgrowth. In ungulate animals mouth and feet were observed to detect any vesicle, wound or salivation. Cows with the history of failure to conceive after insemination for more than three times were examined by rectal palpation whether there were any abnormalities of the reproductive tract. Ruminal movements were observed through palpation and auscultation. Different joints of the animals were examined to detect any swelling or pain. Abnormal sound of respiratory tract was detected through stethoscope. The groups of infectious disease were FMD, BQ, Papillomatosis, Arthritis, Naval ill, Eye infection and Mastitis. The groups of digestive disorder were indigestion & diarrhoea. The groups of surgical affections were wound, abscess, utero-vaginal prolapse. The respiratory disorder was diagnosed on the basis of owner’s complaint and abnormal functions of the respiratory system like polypnea, dyspnea, coughing, thoraco-abdominal breathing and by examining the entire respiratory tract. The ectoparasitic infection was diagnosed by itching, scab, and alopecia in the skin. Parasitic infestation was diagnosed by hair loss, emaciation, weakness, rough coat and pale visible mucus membrane.The metabolic disorder was diagnosed after parturition. In surgical cases, maggot wounds were found and abscess was confirmed by needle puncture.

Source of Information: Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances (2012) 1(1) 28-32

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Achievement/Findings:

The study showed that digestive disorder of cattle predominantly present as well as parasitic infestation. Proper feeding, management and with regular anthelmintic therapy is therefore necessary to gain maximum output form rural cattle. The knowledge derived from this study will increase our understanding the clinical case of cattle in a particular area and taking necessary preventive measure to disease at national policy level. Therefore further studies would be required for the identification and characterization of etiological agents.

Knowledge Management: Journal