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Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Pig of Dinajpur District, Bngladesh

Md. Nur-E-Azam
Dept of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Pappu Sen
Dept of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Motahara Tasneem
Dept of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Md. Shafiqul Islam
Dept of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Tofazzal Md. Rakib
Dept of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Alim
Dept of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Mohammad Alamgir Hossain
Dept of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A three month long cross-sectional study on gastrointestinal parasitism of pigs was conducted two upazillas of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected randomly from different households of the two upazillas of the pertinent district. Samples were examined by routine coproscopical methods. The investigation revealed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections was 65% (either single or mixed) in the studied population. Among different gastrointestinal parasitic infections, occurrence Ascaris suum was the highest (38%) followed by Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (22%), Strongyloides ransomni (20%) and Trichuris suis (5%).Age specific infections rate revealed that pigs age between (>5-12months) were affected more by different gastrointestinal parasitic infections where Ascaris suum infection constituted the highest, (45.24%)and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection was 35.71%, that was statistically significant (P>0.05). On the other hand, infection caused by Strongyloides ransomni (26.19%) was more frequent in age group ≤ 6months of age whereas age group >12months showed very lower prevalence than other two groups for all infections except Oesophagostomum sp (6.25%). Further, occurrence of protozoan parasites were common in age groups (>5-12months) which was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Nevertheless, sex specific infection rate explored that female pigs showed more susceptibility to different gastrointestinal parasitic infections in compare to male. The occurrence of Ascaris suum infection was the highest (40.48%) in female. Conversely, occurrence of Hyostromgylus rubidus infection was the maximum (5.17%) in male pig in compare to female (2.38%). Further, infection caused by coccidian protozoa or Balantidium coli were very lower in both gender of the study population but it was not statistically significant. It could be stated that the current investigation was fresh of its type which will be acted as bench mark for further study in this area. Moreover, as it was a limited study where breed and topographical variation, seasonal pattern of the diseases were not included. Hence, it was suggested further extensive investigation on gastrointestinal parasitism to overcome the limitations of the current study which will assist to determine the important predictors related to such parasitic diseases.

Keywords: Cross-sectional, Gastrointestinal, Occurrence, Pig, Parasitic infection

Location: Two Upazilla namely Birganj and Kaharol of Dinajpur district

Start Date: 00-08-2014

End Date: 00-10-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Pig

Objectives:

1. To investigate the occurrence gastrointestinal parasitic infections in pig at the back yard farm level of the Dinajpur district, Bangladesh.
2. To determine the effect of different factors such as age, sex etc. in the occurrence of such diseases.

Methodology:

Description of study area and duration - The study was conducted in two Upazilla namely Birganj and Kaharol of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh. The study was under taken for a period of 3 months starting from August, 2014 to October, 2014. Selection of animals and survey design - Target animal and age groups: Indigenous/crossbred pigs were selected for this study as target animal. To determine the age susceptibility of different parasitic infections, pigs were categorized into three sub-groups as ≤4 months, >5-12 months and >12 months aged pig. Target sampling: A total of 100 fecal samples were collected randomly from several villages of two respected upazilla in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A prototype questionnaire was used to record the information like area, age, sex etc. In the present study, the minimum age of the pig was 1 month and maximum 36 months. Sample collection and preservation - Feces were collected directly from rectum and stored in plastic containers. Then, the container was filled with formalin (10%) and refrigerated at 4⁰C temperature. During sample collection, labeling of the samples were strictly maintained to prevent the misinterpretation among the collected samples. Examination of the sample - In addition to gross examination of fecal samples (color, consistency, blood or mucus, etc.), three different types of qualitative tests, namely, direct smear, floatation and sedimentation techniques were used to examine the fecal sample. Sugar Salt Solution was used as floatation fluid. At least two smears were prepared from each sample for each test to identify the morphological characteristics of eggs, cyst, Oocyst. Statistical analysis - The obtained information was imported, stored and coded accordingly using Microsoft Excel-2007 to STATA/IC-11.0 (Stata Corporation College Station) for analysis. The result were expressed in percentage with P-value for Chi-Square Test. Significance was determined when P<0.05.

Source of Information: Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances (2015) 4(8) 57-66; ISSN 2322-1879

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14196/sjva.v4i8.2057

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study was performed aiming to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in pig. The study revealed comparatively higher prevalence of Ascaris suum, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and Strongyloides ransomni in pig in relation to age and sex. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was higher in >6-12 months aged group and female pig. It is predicted that gastrointestinal parasitism were more might be due to hot and humid climate which was ideally suitable for development of such parasites. However, poor management, insufficient diet, lack of awareness about deworming also enhances the high incidence of the infection. The study was limited study and due to time constrains topographical variation, seasonal pattern of the diseases as well as local and crossbred pig. Hence, it can be recommended further extensive investigation on gastrointestinal parasitism to overcome the limitation of the current studies which will assist to determine the important predictor related to such diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal