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Concurrent Infection of Gastro-intestinal Parasites and Bacteria Associated with Diarrhea in Bengal Goats in Bangladesh

Md. ERSHADUZZAMAN
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Tanuza DAS
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md. Mamunul HAQUE
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md. Mahmudur RAHMAN
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh; Center for Applied Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Hundred diarrhoeic kids’ faecal samples were examined of which 64% and 98% kids are affected with parasites and bacteria respectively. Around 59.7% and 61.22% had single, 31.34% and 37.76% had dual and only 4.48% and 1.02% had triple concurrent infection respectively in parasite and bacteria associated diarrhoeic kids. Analysis of the results of bacterioparasitic enteropathogens revealed that highest percentage (64%) kids were infected with concurrent parasitic and bacterial infection but the faecal samples of four diarrhoeic kids showed negative for both bacteria and parasitic infections. Highest of gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) infection (48%) was recorded in kids followed by Eimeria sp. (27%), Toxocara vitulorum (14%) and lowest (1%) with each of the Strongyloides sp., Paramphistomum sp. and Moniezia sp. The clinical Toxocara vitulorum infection first recorded at the first of 15 days, GIN at 30 days, Strongyloides sp. at 45 days, Paramphistomum sp. at 150 days and Eimeria sp. infection at 25 days. Similarly, the rate of Bacillus infection (87%), was found highest followed by Escherichia coli (37%), Staphylococcus (9%), and lowest of Salmonella (5%) infection. Although Bacillus and E. coli recorded first time at 10 days and Staphylococcus at 30 days of age but Salmonella was recorded at the age of 60. A characteristic age specific prevalence of both parasitic and bacterial enteropathogens was observed and it was found that the severity of infection was increasing with age for both parasitic and bacterial infection and the ratio of all the infections were almost similar.

Keywords: Parasite, Bacteria, Diarrhea, Bacterial infection, Bengal goat

Location: Goat Farm, Goat & Sheep Production Research Division (GSPRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-05-2004

End Date: 00-04-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

1. To find out the definite gastro-intestinal parasites, and bacteria responsible for goat/kid diarrhoea so that appropriate regulatory actions are taken.
2. To enhance the dynamism of goat farming that will alleviate the poverty as well as boost up the national economy.

Methodology:

This study was carried out randomly selected 100 clinically diarrhoeic kids aged between 10 to 180 days of Bengal goats in Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Goat Farm during two years periods from May 2004 to April 2006 at Goat & Sheep Production Research Division (GSPRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh. SAMPLE COLLECTION - Faecal samples were selected as experimental samples. 20 gram (gm) faecal samples of each of the selected diarrhoeic kids were collected directly from the rectum aseptically in sterile vials and transferred to the laboratory for Bacterioparasitological examinations and occasionally stored at – 20⁰C until tested. Special care was always taken to avoid contamination as possible. MEDIA PREPARATION - Different commercially available media were prepared according to the direction of the manufacturer’s for culture, and sub-culture of the organisms in order to get pure culture by proper isolation, and identification. PARASITOLOGICAL EXAMINATION - Most of the tapeworm, and ascarid infection in kids was recognized with naked eye at the time of collection of faecal samples by the presence of segments, and adult ascarid worms respectively. The tapeworm segments were grinded with mortar and pestle with small amount of water and then the fluid was examined under microscope to confirm the Moniezia sp. Each of the collected faecal samples was examined on conventional direct smear method and followed by sedimentation methods to detect parasitic eggs which were identified by their morphological features. As it was difficult to differentiate the eggs of different species of nematode parasites and accordingly they were grouped as Gastrointestinal Nematode (GIN) parasites. Faecal samples that were found positive for parasitic infection on direct conventional method were also examined by quantitative Stoll’s dilution technique for counting egg per gram (epg) of faeces for helminthes’ eggs and Mac-Master method for counting Eimeria oocysts & epg ≥ 200 and oocysts ≥ 5000/g of faeces were considered significant for clinical infections. BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION - All the 100 randomly selected diarrhoeic faecal samples of kids were examined for isolation and identification of bacteria. Each of the faecal samples was streaked on Nutrient agar, and Blood agar to promote bacterial growth. The colonies on primarily cultures were repeatedly sub-cultured by Streak Plate Method until pure culture with homogenous colonies were obtained. Media like Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Staphylococcus Medium No-110, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), MacConkey agar, Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) media, Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS) were used for sub-cultures. Bacteria were identified by Gram Staining, cultural, morphological characters, and biochemical (Sugar fermentation with five basic sugar e.g. Dextrose, Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose, and Mannitol), Catalase, Coagulase & IMViC utilization) tests as described by Buxton and Fraser. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - The results were analyzed statistically by using chi-square test for significances.

Source of Information: International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 3 No. 2 June 2013, pp. 449-455

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.issr-journals.org/ijias/

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study was carried out to identify the main etiological agents of diarrhoea and it was found that Toxocara vitulorum, GIN, Strongyloides S., Eimeria sp., Moniezia sp., Paramphistomum sp., Trichuris sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp. altogether played a vital role for goat/kid diarrhoea. Results of this study will help to develop an effective treatment method of goat/kid diarrhoea against those organisms.

Knowledge Management: Journal