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Comparison of Genetic Susceptibility Between Local and Exotic Chickens Towards Gumboro Disease

A.T.M.M-E-Elahi
Department of Microbiology, Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

S. Habib
Livestock Training Institute, Tilagor, Sylhet-3100, Benqledeah.

M.S. Mazumder
Department of Basic and Social Sciences, Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

M.I. Hossain
Department of Basic and Social Sciences, Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

P.S. Bhattacharjee
Department of Microbiology, Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Hypothetical remarks about the resistance of local native Bangladeshi chickens were compared with an exotic breed like Fayoumi towards Gumboro disease. A reserve experimental result was obtained with increased susceptibility of the locals than the exotics. Poor bursal enlargement along with the absence of many post-mortem lesions and peculiar hepatomegally were notable post-mortem lesions in locals. Maternal antibody attains a zero level as detected at 19 days of age by agar gel precipitation test. Materiality in locals 46% and exotic 38% was encountered in both the breeds following challenge with a virulent field isolate of Gumboro disease virus. Onset of morbidity proceeded in the locals. A spiking death curve was observed in both the breeds. Mortality started since day 2 following challenge and continued till day 5 except in the locals, where it ended on day 3 post challenge. It is assumed that changes in the method of feeding and rearing may act as natural stress affecting the cell-mediated immunity related to genetics and perhaps rendered them more susceptible.

Keywords: Gumboro, Hepatomegally, Mortality

Location: Department of Microbiology of Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To know whether the same scenario like Nigeria exists with the local breeds of Bangladesh chickens against Gumbo disease.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet, Bangladesh. About 100 Fayoumi and 120 local chicks were collected at 1 week age and reared under deep litter method. Fayoumi chicks had a parental history of vaccination against Gumboro before laying. Parents of local chicks were not vaccinated against Gumboro. Standard commercial pelleted layer starter feed was given to all birds except which get an extra supply of rice, provided to local chickens in an attempt of partial supplementation of their scavenging. All the birds were vaccinated against Ranikhet disease before housing (1 week) and moreover local (deshi) chickens were dewormed at 2 weeks of age. Hemorrhagic bursae collected from a severe outbreak at Sylhet District of Bangladesh, homogenized and challenge inoculum was made following the method. Four groups comprising 50 birds in each group were housed separately in four rooms and labeled as follows:

F-ch: Fayoumi-challenged F-c: Fayoumi-control

L-ch: Local-challenged L-c: Local - control.

A mean of three birds were taken each time to find the bursal and body weight. Birds were visited every morning to note their clinical exhibition. Diagnosis of Gumboro disease was done following the characteristic necropsy and the serology with agar gel precipitation test was done.

Source of Information: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4 (12): 1562-1564,2001

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Total mortality was higher in locals than exotics. Finding mortality in locals 46% and exotic 38% indicates the virulent field strain used in this study but more virulent pathotpe of Gumboro disease virus was reported earlier to cause up to 70% mortality in the field. Choice of three weeks of age for challenging was selected as the zero antibody titer observed by Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) at 19 days of age, moreover previous study by authors with the same Fayoumi breed observed that vaccination through ocular route at 18-28 days successfully controlled the Gumboro outbreak in Central Poultry Farm at Dhaka. International reports suggest with different breeds that the zero antibody titer observed in chicks at 29-31 days of age from dams vaccinated with live vaccine free from maternal antibody against Gumboro. It is evident that in both the breeds bursal enlargement, hemorrhage lesions simulate the previous findings of other workers but contrasting features like peculiar hepatomegally and poor bursal enlargement in locals rr/ght be further whether any pre-infection is incriminated for this. There are reports that local and the adapted breeds were relatively more resistant to disease than the pullets as observed by Sudanese workers. It has also been suggested that resistance to infectious diseases may be disease specific. Subsequent studies dealt with Nigerian local chickens resulted reverse, as the locals were found more susceptible to Gumboro disease than the exotics. Similary, findings of the present study, where the Bangladeshi native local chickens were found more susceptible than an exotic breed like Fayoumi led the author to hypothesize that the effect of natural stresses like, changes in their usual rearing and feeding methods might have played an important role in increasing the susceptibility of the locals by degrading their resistance to disease.

Knowledge Management: Journal