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Estrus Characteristics of Black Bengal Does Under Intensive Condition

M. Fakruzzaman
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babuganj, Barisal- 8210, Bangladesh.

Q.S. Akter
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babuganj, Barisal- 8210, Bangladesh.

S.S. Husain
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.

M.A.M.Y. Khandoker
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.

A.S. Apu
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.

M.R. Islam
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur - 5200, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was carried out to investigate on the seasonal effect on length and duration of estrus as well as to observe the physiological and behavioral changes during estrus period. Three climatic seasons and age groups were considered which were summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February) and A (6-9 month), B (9-12 month) and C (>12 month) respectively. Estrus behavior was monitored twice a day, using a teaser buck. The estrus were quantified within each season and classified as short (<17 days), normal (17-25 days) and long (>25 days). In case of seasonal effect, the length of estrous cycle did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The higher length of estrous cycle was found in summer (23.50±1.57 days) followed by winter (21.33±1.01 days ) and rainy season (20.79±0.61 days), respectively. On the other hand, duration of estrus showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among the three different seasons. The longer duration was observed in winter (44.00±1.95 hours) followed by summer (36.00±0.70 hours) and rainy season (35.54±0.80 hours), respectively. Higher percentage of normal estrus was observed during rainy season (79.31%) when compared to winter (72.73%) and summer (53.33%). On the other hand, a greater percentage of short and long estrous cycle was reported in summer followed by winter and rainy season. Moreover, length of estrus and its duration did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with age. The mean of rectal and vaginal temperature during estrus were recorded as 39.30±0.05 °C and 39.60±0.03 °C, respectively. However, seasonal variation on post-partum heat period did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The mean post-partum heat period of Black Bengal does among the seasons was observed as 84.56±3.28 days. The present result on estrus behavior of Black Bengal goat could help to boost up effective artificial insemination of goat population for optimizing productivity under intensive condition.

Keywords: Black bengal goat, Estrus, Intensive condition, Season.

Location: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To investigate on the estrus behavior and to observe the body weight change of Black Bengal goats.

Methodology:

The research was conducted at the Artificial Insemination (AI) Center of the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-5200,Bangladesh. Three climatic seasons were considered in this study viz, Summer: March to June, Rainy : July to October and Winter: November to February. Does (60) were selected on the basis of their age and body weight from the breeding flock. The does aged between six (6) to twenty two (22) months were included in this experiment. The body weights of does were 8.0 to 16.0 kg. The does were reared in the stall-feeding system and they were fed Napier and/or German grass twice-daily ad libitum. The commercial concentrate, wheat bran, maize crust, mustard oil cake, etc., feed was supplemented (18% of crude protein) once in the morning and another in the evening at the rate of 120 gm/doe. They were allowed for grazing and exercise in a confinement area for 1 to 2 hours daily. Clean and safe water was made available all the time. Feeding regime was almost identical for all the goats under experimentation. In this research, all the does were divided into three age groups: Group A: (6-9 month), Group B: (9-12 month) and Group C: (>12 month).Body weights of all does were measured in every month. The body weight of doe was measured with the help of a digital balance. The length of estrous cycle in days was calculated from the interval between onsets of one estrous cycle to another. The estrous cycles were classified as short (<17 days), normal (17-25 days) or long (>25 days) as suggested. The estrous cycle duration was measured in hours. It was the interval between the start up time of one estrus and the time at which it ended up in the same estrous cycle. Estrus behavior was monitored twice daily (6:00 am and 5:00 pm) using teaser buck. Immobilization of the female when mounted by the male was considered to be sign of occurrence of estrus. The numbers of each estrous cycle, as well as its length was recorded during each season. Two categories estrus behaviors were recorded during the whole experimental period such as Physiological changes during estrus and Behavioral changes during estrus. Rectal and vaginal temperatures were taken with the help of the clinical thermometer during estrous cycle and at normal condition of the does. This work was performed by inserting a clinical thermometer into the rectum and vagina. Before inserting the thermometer, it was disinfected with a disinfectant. Several types of behavioral changes occurred during the whole estrus period. The differential behavioral changes that were found during the time of the experiment are mounting flock mates or willing to be mounted, mucus discharge from the vulva, tail flagging, mock fighting, licking and rubbing each other, sniffing the vulva, increased vocal activity, interest in male or male pen, restlessness and Nervousness. Post-partum heat period (PPHP) was measured as the time between the date of kidding and the date shown heat after the corresponding kidding. The data generated from this experiment were entered in Microsoft Excel worksheet, organized and processed for further analysis. Data were analyzed using package program in accordance with the principles of RBD and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was also done to identify the significant differences between the mean values when analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences.

Source of Information: Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science (2012) 2(1), 89-95

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=168846

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Season had a little effect (non significant) on the length of estrous cycle but had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the duration of estrus. Thus the acquired knowledge of length and duration of estrous cycle will help farmers to inseminate their does in right time, which would play a vital role for increasing the efficiency of artificial insemination (AI). Another important point which can not but be mentioned is that the present result on estrus behavior of Black Bengal goat could help to boost up effective artificial insemination of goat population for optimizing productivity under intensive condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal