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Effects of Herbicides on Weed Suppression and Rice Yield in Transplanted Wetland Rice

Md. Nasimul Bari
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Eight herbicides, i.e. oxadiazone, butachlor, pretilachlor and anilphos from pre-, and MCPA, ethoxysulfuran, pyrazosulfuran Ethyl and oxadiarzil from post-emergence category were applied at recommended rates in transplanted wetland rice during aman (autumn), aus (summer) and boro (winter) growing seasons at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh (BSMRAU) during 2007-08 to study their effects on weed control and rice yield. Results revealed variations in the performance of herbicides in different seasons. Pre-emergence herbicides performed better regarding weed control efficiency and rice yield. Based on the initial performance, butachlor and MCPA were further applied at concentrations ranging from 50% to 150% of the recommended rates in transplanted aus rice in 2009. Data indicated that butachlor provided better weed control efficiency and contributed to better crop growth and grain yield compared to MCPA irrespective of concentration. It might be due to that pre-emergence application of Butachlor provided effective early season weed control, which MCPA could not since apply as post- emergence. The highest grain yield of 4.18 t ha^-1 was contributed by weed free treatment, while the least (2.44 t ha^-1) was by weedy check. Among the herbicide treatments, the highest grain yield of 4.08 t ha^-1 was obtained from butachlor, while the lowest (2.83 t ha^-1) grain production was harvested in the plots receiving MCPA @ 125% of th e recommended rate. Results further revealed a positive relationship between butachlor rate and grain yield, although a declining trend was apparent at higher than the recommended rates, while a negative relationship was found in MCPA treatments.

Keywords: Pre-emergence, Herbicides, Post-emergence, Rice, Chemical control.

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh (BSMRAU)

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Herbicide, Rice

Objectives:

To find out the performance of selected herbicides on weed suppression and yield performance of transplanted wetland rice
To observe the effects of herbicides at variable rates on weed suppression as well as growth and yield of transplanted wetland rice, and
To determine the effects of herbicides on soil organic matter content and soil biomass carbon content.

Methodology:

Experiment-1. Comparative performance of herbicides on weed suppression and yield of transplanted wetland rice.Eight commonly available herbicides, of which four were from pre-emergence and the rest from the post-emergence category were collected from the local markets. All herbicides were applied at recommended rates in transplanted wetland rice during three consecutive growing seasons under wetland condition. Besides, one control (weedy check) treatment, one weed free treatment and one manual weeding at 25, 35 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) were also included. The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of the BSMRAU during 2007 and 2008 in RCB design with 3 replications. Transplanted Aman (cv. BR39), Boro (cv. BR28) and Aus (cv. BR26) rice were used as test crop. The treatments were applied as follows:

Treatments:

T1: Oxadiazone @ 2000 ml ha^-1 (pre-emergence at 7 DAT).
T2: Butachlor @ 1875 ml ha^-1 (pre-emergence at 7 DAT).
T3: Pretilachlor @ 1000 ml/ha (app lied pre-emergence at 7 DAT).
T4: Anilphos @ 1300 ml ha^-1 (pre-emergence at 7 DAT).
T5: MCPA @ 1000 ml ha^-1 (post-emergence at 25 DAT).
T6: Ethoxysulfuran @ 100 g ha^-1 (post-emergence at 20 DAT).
T7: Pyrazosulfuran Ethyl @ 150 g ha^-1 (post-emergence at 20 DAT).
T8: Oxadiarzil @ 1875 ml ha^-1 (post-emergence at 20 DAT).
T9: Manual weeding at 20, 35 and 50 DAT (standard for MV rice).
T10: Weed free (weeded at 7 days interval after transplanting upto flowering).
T11: Unweeded (control)

Parameters studied: Weed biomass, weed control efficiency (WCE); grain yield and straw yield. Experiment-2. Effects of herbicides application rates on the performance of transplanted aus rice.Based on performance of the herbicides in terms of weed control efficiency as well as rice grain yield under experiment-1 two better performing herbicides were further tested at variable rates in aus rice (cv. BR26) in 2009 at the same location in the split-plot design in RCBD with 3 replications. The herbicides butachlor and MCPA were in the mainplots while the herbicide rates viz. 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended rates, were assigned to the sub-plots. Weed free and weedy check were also included in the trial.

Parameters studied: Weed control efficiency (WCE); plant height, tiller dynamics, phenology, yield components, soil organic matter content, soil biomass carbon content. Crop Management Practices: Standard management practices for MV rice were followed in both the experiments. Weed control efficiency (WCE): WCE was calculated by using the following formula:

WCE = {(DMC - DMT)/DMC}X 100

Where, DMC = Weed dry matter in unweeded treatment and DMT = Weed dry matter in weed control treatment. The data recorded for the individual traits was subjected to the ANOVA technique and the significant means were separated by LSD test (Steel et al. , 1997).

Source of Information: Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 16(4): 349-361, 2010.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30512354/vol-16-4-349-361.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1461730089&Signature=o0F3x0H09S3dYGr5br58d4Pcw%2FM%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DEffects_of_herbicides_on_wee

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results revealed variations in the performance of herbicides in different seasons. Herbicide treatments contributed to higher yield performance compared to control in all the growing seasons except Oxadiarzil, which could not show considerable yield increase over control during the growing seasons. Among the herbicide categories, pre-emergence herbicides performed better than post-emergence ones, particularly during boro and aus growing seasons. Among the pre-emergence herbicides, the highest yield was contributed by butachlor treated plots in aman and aus growing seasons, although oxadiazone superseded butachlor in boro growing season. Among the post-emergence types, the highest yield was obtained from MCPA treated plots in all of the three growing seasons. Results further revealed a positive relationship between butachlor rate and grain yield, although a declining trend was apparent at higher than the recommended rates, while a negative relationship was found in MCPA treatments.

Knowledge Management: Journal