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Effect of Carbon Source in Alginate Bead on Synthetic Seed Germination in Eggplant (solanum Melongena L.)

A. K. M. N. Huda
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshshi 6205, Bangladesh.

M. Rahman
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshshi 6205, Bangladesh.

M. A. Bari
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshshi 6205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study describes the investigation on the synthetic seed technology in two varieties (Loda and China) of eggplant with a particular focus on the carbon source in seed bead. To assess exact type and concentration of carbon source, three types of carbon sources (viz., sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol) and their different concentrations were used in alginate seed bead to achieve the optimum germination of synthetic seed on MS₀. Among the different carbon sources, sucrose showed better performance for both varieties when nodal segment with bud was used as explants. But when somatic embryos were used as explants sucrose + sorbitol (1:1) was found to be more efficient for both varieties in germination of synthetic seeds. On the other hand, among the different concentrations 1% sucrose gave good result for the germination of synthetic seed made of nodal segment. In case of somatic embryo 3% sucrose showed best performance for both varieties.

Keywords: Synthetic Seed, Sodium alginate, Encapsulation, Eggplant, Carbon source

Location: Institute of Biological sciences, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2006

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Brinjal

Objectives:

To assess the influence of carbon source in seed bead medium on synthetic seed germination and in vitro shoot development.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Biological sciences, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh in 2006. In this experiment, two varieties of Solanum melongena viz. Loda and China were used and the seeds of these two varieties were cultured on MS0 (Murashig and Skoog without hormone) medium for seedlings and seedlings were cultured on nutrient medium. Nodal segment with axillary bud formed within 30 days of culture which was used as explants following the methods. On the other hand, the cotyledon pair of seedlings was cultured as explant on callus inducing medium (2.0 mg L^-1 NAA + 0.05 mg L^-1 BAP) for callus induction. Best calli derived from cotyledonary explants of the two varieties were subcultured separately on MS medium having 2 mg L^-1 NAA with 0.05 mg L^-1 BAP. Somatic embryos, formed and matured within 7-28 days, were used as explant for making synthetic seed. Carbon sources used were: Sucrose, Sorbitol and Mannitol.Encapsulation of synthetic seed was done according to the method. Two hundred milliliters MS media was prepared with 6 g sugar (sucrose, sorbitol and mannitol) supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 BAP + 0.1 mg L^-1 GA₃ for nodal segment but in case somatic embryo the medium was supplemented with 1.0 mg L^-1 BAP + 0.1 mg L^-1 GA₃. Twenty milliliters of the above mentioned solution was taken and 0.8 g of sodium alginate was added and taken in a small beaker (50 mL beaker). With a small piece of glass rod efforts were made to mix the alginate in solution. Alginate was partially dissolved and it was then kept aside. During autoclaving alginate was completely dissolved. Fifty milliliters of the above mentioned solution (200 mL MS) was taken in a small beaker and 0.7 g (70 mg) CaCl₂ was added to it and dissolved. Out of 200 and 70 mL (50+20) was used during the preparation of alginate and CaCl₂ solutions and rest 130 ml was remained as reserved. After autoclaving it was used during washing of the encapsulated beads. All prepared solutions were autoclaved at 15-lb/sq inch’s pressure and at 120-121°C temperatures for 21 min for sterilization. The nodal segments with active buds and somatic embryos were placed to the beaker containing alginate solution. The explants were dipped in alginate solution and taken by a forcep and placed to the beaker of CaCl₂. During picking up the explants, the forceps, also took some addition alginate solution together with explants_.. The rolling explants with the liquid of alginate were dropped in to the CaCl₂ solution. The explants were kept inside the alginate solution for about 30 min. After 30 min each explant became a hardball encoated by alginate. The encapsulated explants or synthetic seeds were washed with 130 mL MS liquid medium (above mentioned). After washing, synthetic seeds were cultured on MS0 medium under in vitro condition in growth chamber where photo period was maintained generally 16 h light 8 h dark.

Source of Information: Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(5): 538-544, 2007, ISSN 1816-4951.

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/jps.2007.538.544; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jps.2007.538.544

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the different carbon sources, sucrose showed better performance for both varieties when nodal segment with bud was used as explants. But when somatic embryos were used as explants sucrose + sorbitol (1:1) was found to be more efficient for both varieties in germination of synthetic seeds. On the other hand, among the different concentrations 1% sucrose gave good result for the germination of synthetic seed made of nodal segment. In case of somatic embryo 3% sucrose showed best performance for both varieties. The present investigation indicated that similar to White Birch, eggplant also required low concentration of sucrose in seed bead medium for better germination.

Knowledge Management: Journal