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Health Status of Okra (abelmoschus Esculentus) Seeds Collected from Different Locations of Bangladesh

D.D. Sarkar
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

M.S.M. Chowdhury
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

N. Akhtar
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

M.Z.R. Bhuiyan
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

H.A.C. Nisha
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Like all other crops, the seed quality plays a vital role in the productivity of okra crop. It was thus felt necessary to investigate on the quality of seed used by the farmers. An experiment was thus conducted at the Seed Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fifty samples of okra seeds were collected from Bogra, Comilla, Chittagong, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Jessore, Narshingdi and Dhaka districts of Bangladesh and others from research’s station during 2009 crop season.Seed health and quality analysis revealed that moisture content of seed samples ranged from 11.12- 13.31%, 11.41-12.16% and 11.12-12.05% in terms of location, variety and source of seed collection. Germination percentage of research station seeds, local retailer seeds and farmers saved seeds was 81.93, 57.82 and 46.10%, respectively. Purity percentage varied 93.68-96.94% in different locations and 95.76-94.81% in different variety. Purity percentage of research station seeds, local retailer seeds and farmers saved seeds were 96.94, 95.82 and 94.86, respectively. In research station seeds, both vigour index (1585.0) and 1000-seed weight (69.11g) were found higher than the local retailer seeds and farmers saved seeds. In seed health study, seven fungi namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum dematium, Rhizopus spp. and Curvularia spp. were found in the seed samples. Among the fungi, prevalence of Aspergillus flavus was maximal which was followed by Fusarium spp . All the seven fungal pathogens were more prevalent in farmer saved seed compared to other seed. It was found that apparently healthy seeds under G-I yielded lowest incidence of fungi and highest percentage of germination, which was followed by G-II, G-III and G-IV, respectively.

Keywords: Okra, Seed health, Seed quality, Seed purity, Ladies finger, Germination %

Location: Bogra, Comilla, Chittagong, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Jessore, Narshingdi, Dhaka.

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Okra

Objectives:

To determine the quality and assess the health status of okra seeds collected from different locations of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fifty samples of okra seeds were collected from nine districts of Bangladesh namely Bogra, Comilla, Chittagong, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Jessore, Narshingdi, Dhaka and others from research’s station during 2009 crop season. Among them 28 samples were collected from 28 okra growers and 17 samples from the local market of 9 districts and 5 samples from 5 research stations in Dhaka. For quality tests and health status studies, total 3000 pure seeds were divided into 3 working samples. Moisture content, 1000-seed weight, purity, germination capacity and seedling vigor were determined. Weights of 3 working samples were computed and recorded as 1000-seed weight. Percentage (w/w) of each component was determined based on total weight of pure seed, other seed and inert matter. Four hundred pure seeds (100 seeds/replication) were randomly selected from each sample which was sown in paper towel method at 50 seeds/paper towel. Seven days after sowing, number of seedling emerged in each paper towel was recorded. The germination was expressed in percentage which was calculated using following formula: % Germination = (X₁/X) x 100. where, X = Total number of seeds per parer towel, X₁ = Number of seedlings per paper towel. For seedling vigor test, after 7 days of emergence 10 seedlings were randomly selected from each 100 seeds used for germination test. Root length (cm) and shoot length (cm) of the seedlings were recorded and mean values of the two parameters were computed. Vigor index was computed by the following formula: Vigour index = [Mean root length (cm) + Mean shoot length (cm)] X Seed germination (%).Seed health in terms of fungi associated with okra seeds was tested following International Rules for Seed Health Testing using Blotter method. A sub sample of 200 seeds was randomly selected from each sample. Data on germination and prevalence of seed-borne fungi grew on the plated seeds were recorded after seven days of incubation. Based on the morphological characters fungi were identified using appropriate keys of Barnett, Booth, Ellis, Mathur and Kongsdal. Seeds of ten selected samples, one from each district, were categorized in four grades based on their physical conditions observed under a hand lens. A total of 400 seeds were taken randomly from each of the ten selected samples. The data were analyzed statistically for ANOVA using MSTAT-C computer program. The means were compared following LSD at 1% level of significance using same computer program.

Source of Information: World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11 (6): 371-379, 2015, ISSN 1817-3047

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjas.2015.11.6.1889

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the fungi, prevalence of Aspergillus flavus was maximum in the okra seeds which was followed by Fusarium spp . All the seven fungal pathogens were more prevalent in case of farmers maintained seeds compared to others. It was found that, apparently healthy seeds under G-I yielded lowest incidence of fungi and highest percentage of germination, which was followed by G-II, G-III and G-IV, respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal