Feedmaster can formulate ration instantly according to thumb rule. Formulation of ration and feeding to animal was done on the basis of dry matter intake (DMI) of animal considering their body weight. Studies indicated that daily DMI of the bovine varies from 1.9 % - 3% of body weight (Punia et al., 2003, Terramoccia et al., 2005, Zicarelli, 2004, Ståhl-Högberg et al., 2003, Bartocci et al., 2002, Proto, 1993, Bertoni et al., 1994, Singhal et al., 2005 and Paul et al., 2003).In order to formulate the ration, total animals were divided into two groups: One group consists of growing animals and bull where no supplement was provided and another group consists of dry, Pregnant and milking animals where supplement feed was provided. In this application average DMI for all groups of bovine was fixed at 2.5 % of body weight on thumb rule basis. Animal body weight can be inserted either weighing balance or by using measuring tape. Through measuring tape animal weight can be calculated by using specific formula {(Animal length in inch) x (Animal heart girth length in inch)2}/660). Animal length is the distance between the point-of-shoulder and the point-of-rump or pin bone. Animal heart girth is measured from a point slightly behind the shoulder blade, down the fore-ribs and under the body behind the elbow all the way around. Among total DM requirement 1/3 portion is fulfilled by concentrate and 2/3 portion of DM is fulfilled by roughages. The ration of bull and growing animals (Ration A) consists of maize crush, wheat bran, rice polish, khesary bran, soybean meal, salt, di- calcium phosphate and lime stone in a ratio of 25, 20, 15, 20, 17, 1, 1.5 and 0.5 percent respectively. The Dry, pregnant and milking animal ration (Ration B) contain same ingredient in a ratio of 30, 20, 20, 15,12,1,1.5 and 0.5 percent respectively. Milk producing animals were grouped into 5 categories according to their milk production and supplemented concentrate was calculated on the basis of their extend of production by using formulas: Concentrate for less than 5 litters milk production = 0.5+0.7 X milk production (L), Concentrate for less than 8 litters milk production = 0.7+0.4 X milk production (L), Concentrate for less than 12 litters milk production = 2.0+0.4 X milk production (L), Concentrate for less than 15 litters milk production = 3.0+0.3 X milk production (L), Concentrate for less than 20 litters milk production = 3.0+0.3 X milk production (L). In case of pregnant (over 6 months) animal, 1.5 kg concentrate/animal was supplemented. Roughages requirement for all types of animals was fulfilled by different types of seasonal (Maize, Jamboo, Oat and Dhincha) and perennial (German and Napier) fodder according to their DM content. Land requirement, Seed/cutting, Urea, TSP, MOP, Cow dung requirement was calculated according to farm practices. Supply of year round fodder to the animal was planned according to season and availability of the fodder. Total cultivable land was divided into four groups. Among them three were categorized as highland and one was lowland. Two highlands and one lowland were used for perennial crop cultivativation (Napier, German) and one high land was used for seasonal crop (Oat, Dhaincha, Jamboo). The area of land was calculated for 4 (seasonal)=[{ (Animal total weight x 1.6666/DM contain of Jamboo) x 31}/ Average production of Jamboo per hector per cutting ] , for 3( Perennial)= [ { (Animal total weight x 1.6666/DM contain of Napier) x 31}/ Average production of Napier per hector per cutting] , for 2 ( Perennial)=[ { (Animal total weight x 1.6666/DM contain of German) x 31}/ Average production of German per hector per cutting ] , for 1 (Perennial)= [ { (Animal total weight x 1.6666/DM contain of Napier) x 31}/ Average production of Napier per hector per cutting ]+ 40% of [ { (Animal total weight x 1.6666/DM contain of Napier) x 31}/ Average production of Napier per hector per cutting ] .
Table 1: Planning for year round fodder production
|
Name of grass
|
Plot No
(Fodder type)
|
Land preparation/ Cultivation time
|
Grass Supply Time
|
Comment
|
|
Oat
|
4 (Seasonal)
|
Mid October
|
January
|
Supply as Green Grass and excess oat seed will be collected for next season and oat straw will be preserved
|
|
German
|
2 ( Perennial)
|
November
|
February
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
Napier
|
3( Perennial)
|
December
|
March
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
All silage / oat straw feeding have to complete in April
|
|
Napier
|
1 (Perennial)
|
October
|
May
|
Supply as Green Grass excess grass will be preserve as silage
|
|
Dhaincha
|
4 (Seasonal)
|
February
|
May
|
Leaf as feed supplement and steam as fertilizer
|
|
German
|
2 (Perennial)
|
March
|
June
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
Napier
|
3 (Perennial)
|
April
|
July
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
Jamboo
|
4 (Seasonal)
|
June
|
August
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
Napier
|
1 (Perennial)
|
June
|
September
|
Supply as Green Grass, excess grass will be preserved as silage
|
|
German
|
2 (Perennial)
|
July
|
October
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
Napier
|
3 (Perennial)
|
August
|
November
|
Supply as Green Grass
|
|
German
|
2 (Perennial)
|
November
|
December
|
Supply as Green Grass if require silage can be use
|