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Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Major Nutrient Status in Soil Near Bhaluka Industrial Area of Bangladesh

Abdullah Al Zabir
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Faculty of Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

MW Zaman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Faculty of Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md Zakir Hossen
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Faculty of Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md Nizam Uddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Md Jamil Hossain Biswas
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abdulla-Al-Asif
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The population increase has not only increased the fresh water demand but also increased the volume of wastewater generated. Treated or recycled wastewater (RWW) appears to be the only water resource that is increasing as other sources are dwindling. Increasing need for water has resulted in the emergence of domestic wastewater application for agriculture and its relative use. The present study was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2013 to evaluate the contribution of wastewater to major soil nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B and Na) and fluctuation in physicochemical properties of soil (soil pH and Ec) from waste carrying canal at 10 selected sites of Bhaluka Upazila. Three (3) soil samples were collected at 0, 30 and 60 m distances from the waste discharging canals. The pH, EC, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B and Na in soil samples decreased gradually with the increase of distance from waste discharging canal. Maximum concentrations of N at 60 and 0m distance varied from 8400 to 9700, P from 1850 to 5000, K from 4600 to 6000, S from 2000 to 4000, Ca from 7500 to 28800, Mg from 7500 to 7800, B from 90 to 2800 and Na from 2300 to 3100 μg g^-1 in test soil.The results showed better nutrient status of the soil along waste discharge canals. The findings give applicable advice to commercial farmers and agricultural researchers for proper management and use of treated industrial wastewater for agricultural purpose.

Keywords: Wastewater, Major nutrients, Irrigation, Soil nutrient status

Location: Bhaluka Upazila, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-02-2014

End Date: 00-03-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To assess the long-term effect of uncontrolled waste disposal in canals near agricultural land and assess the risk for soil contamination by toxic elements like heavy metals, radioactive materials etc.

Methodology:

All sampling were done at Bhaluka Upazila during the month of February and March, 2014. Ten (10) sites near the industrial waste carrying canals were selected to provide satisfactory representation of the entire study area. Surface (0 - 15 cm) soil samples were collected at 0, 30 and 60 m distances from the waste discharging canals at each site. Each soil sample was air dried, and all clods and crumbs were removed and mixed uniformly. Soils were sieved through a 2 - mm sieve to remove coarse particles before sub - sampling for chemical analysis. The final samples were kept in labeled polypropylene containers at ambient temperature before analysis. Soil pH was determined by using a glass electrode pH meter (WTW pH 522; Germany) as described. The electrical conductivity (EC) of collected soil samples were determined electrometrically (soil water ratio was 1:5) by a conductivity meter (WTW LF 521; Germany). Exactly 1g soil from each sample was taken separately in 250 mL digestion tubes, then 10 ml concentrated HNO₃ was added to it. The content was kept for 16 hours at room temperature for pre digestion and then heated at 140º C for 150 mins. After that the content was cooled, diluted with deionized water and the volume was made 100 mL. All the samples were filtered through filter paper (Whatman No. 42).Calcium of soil and plant samples was determined from aliquot by complexometric method of titration using 0.01 M Na₂ EDTA (Na₂ H₂ C₁₀ H₁₂O₈ N₂ .2H₂O) as a chelating agent at pH 12 in presence of calcon indicator. Magnesium was analyzed by complexometric method of titration using 0.01 M Na₂ EDTA (Na₂ H₂ C₁₀ H₁₂ O₈ N₂ .2H₂O) as complexing agent at p^H 10 in the presence of eriochrome black T (EBT) indicator. Phosphorus of the soil samples was determined colorimetrically using stannous chloride as a reductant, following the procedure stated. Phosphorus content of the aliquot was determined by spectrophotometer (Model: TG - 60 U) at 660 nm wavelength. Potassium and sodium of soil and plant samples were determined from the aliquot separately with the help of flame emission spectrophotometer (Model: JENWAY - PFP7) at 589 nm and 768 nm for sodium and potassium, respectively suggested. Boron was determined by Azomethine - H methodAbsorbance was read at 420 nm following the instructions. Nitrogen of the soil and plant samples was determined by Kjeldahl method as described. The statistical analyses of the analytical results obtained from the chemical analysis of different soil samples were performed using Excel Statistics version 4.0 and mean differences were made by multiple t - test.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 131-137, ISSN: 2411-4472

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27578

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wastewater from the Bhaluka industrial area canals can be a source of fertilizer since it contributes N, P, K, S, Ca , Mg and organic matter without negative effects regarding changes in soil pH. However, an additional contribution of nitrogenous fertilizer would be needed to obtain suitable crop growth. It is necessary to be aware that many crops could suffer from the negative effects of wastewater irrigation due to its sodium and boron content. Nonetheless, the benefits of irrigation with wastewater should be kept in mind, including the addition of plant nutrients to rice plants and the conservation of soil health. Additional studies are required to assess the long - term effect of uncontrolled waste disposal in canals near agricultural land and assess the risk for soil contamination by toxic elements like heavy metals, radioactive materials etc. Particular interest should also be paid to reduce soil EC levels for successful crop production.

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