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Effect of Triple Super Phosphate Supplementation on Degradability of Rice Straw and Ammonia Nitrogen Concentration

S.U. Mahfuz
Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.

M.R. Chowdhury
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.

M.M.H. Khan
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.

M.A. Baset
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two way analysis of variance in duplicate were used to assess the degradability of rice straw with triple super phosphate (TSP) as a source of phosphorous (P) at six levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 g/kg) for each of the five different incubation times (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). The effects of P (TSP) levels and time were significant for in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability. For NH₃ -N concentration in rumen fluid the effect of P and time were significant. For in vivo digestibility eight bucks average live weight 7.63 ± 0.19 kg were selected. The DM, ADF and OM digestibility were significantly higher in P group than control group. The digestibility of CP was higher in P group than control group. It could be concluded that P has an important role in ruminant digestion and metabolism. As low quality forages are deficit in P, supplementation of P could improve the quality of forages.

Keywords: Triple super phosphate, Rice straw, In vitro, Degradability, Digestibility

Location: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet , Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Straw

Objectives:

To examine the effect of triple super phosphate supplements to enhance the utilization of low quality forages like rice straw by ruminants.

Methodology:

This experiment was designed to evaluate the suitability of different levels of TSP as a source of P on the in vitro rumen degradability and fermentation profiles of rice straw at different incubation times. Proximate analyses of feed samples were performed following the methods of AOAC and in vivo digestibility trial was conducted with bucks. Rice straw was dried in the sun. After drying the sample was coarse ground to approximate size (1 mm) using a grinder (blender machine) and measured by analytical balance. The rumen fluid was collected from immediately after slaughtered a mature cow. The fluid was then transferred into a flask via filtering with a filter cloth. The filtered rumen fluid was transported to the laboratory by a flask (37 ºC) for in vitro trial. The rumen fluid was pooled through two layers of the muslin cloth into pre warmed flask. The rumen fluid was mixed with pre warmed buffer at 1:3 (rumen fluid: buffer) ratio in a bottle which was covered with black polythene.The incubations of rice straw were conducted in 50-ml centrifuge tubes each containing about 0.4 g of ground (1 mm) sample. TSP was added at six different levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 g/kg). Then 40 ml of buffered rumen fluid were added to each tube. The tubes were sealed with rubber stoppers fitted with pressure release narrow glass rod. Incubation was conducted at 38 ºC in a water bath. After 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h the tubes were collected from water bath and submerged in an ice box to stop further fermentation. The liquid and residue were separated by filtering with filter cloth. The supernatant of the buffered rumen fluid was collected to determine ammonia concentration in rumen fluid and 20 ml of supernatant were acidified with 10 ml of 1 N HCl and kept in a tube. Residues were washed with distilled water and used to determine DM degradability. Acidified sample was distilled with 40 ml 40% NaOH solution into kjeldahl flask. Afterward, 20 ml 2% boric acid solution was placed into distillation set. After the distillation the sample was titrated with 0.1 N HCl. Eight young bucks (8–9 month) of Black Bengal goat were kept into individual pens for control and P group where each group contains four bucks and the average live weight was 7.63 ± 0.19 kg. In the control group 500 g napier grass and 250 g concentrate mixture (keshari bran 35%, soyabean meal 10%, wheat bran 10%, crushed gram 25%, crushed maize 20%) were provided per buck per day. For P group, 500 g napier grass and 250 g concentrate mixture along with 5 g TSP was provided per buck per day. Feed intake and refusals were recorded daily. Bucks consumed all the concentrate but sometimes refused napier stem. For measuring feed intake napier grass was weighed every day before supplying to the buck; next morning left over of napier grass stem was weighed by top loading balance. Digestibility was determined by using total collection method. During collection period (10 days), complete collection of faeces from each group of bucks were taken in a polythene sheet daily in the morning, weighed, mixed thoroughly and 5% of it was sampled and stored at −20 ºC. At the end of collection period faecal samples were composited by group and 10% of the composited samples were taken for analysis following the methods of AOAC. The in vitro data were analyzed by using ANOVA in General Linear model of Minitab to compare degradability and NH₃ -N concentration of forages with different levels of P supplementation and the in vivo data were analyzed by using ANOVA following the principles of CRD using computer package GENSTAT . Significant differences between means of different groups were compared by using the Tukey’s test at p > 0.05.

Source of Information: Small Ruminant Research 120 (2014) 15–19, ISSN 0921-4488

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.04.003

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings showed that, P supplementation improved DM, CP, ADF and OM degradability and digestibility of low quality forage like rice straw. TSP might be a source of supplementation to improve the low quality forages. It could be used at higher doses (20 g/kg) without any side effect.

Knowledge Management: Journal