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Report on Anthracnose of Rauwolfia Serpentina (l.) Benth. Ex Kurz Caused by Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides (penz.) Sacc. from Bangladesh

Zuhra Yasmin
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Shamim Shamsi
Professor
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

During the tenure of May 2007 to July 2013 severe anthracnose symptom was recorded on leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz. The frequency percentage of association of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was higher than any other fungi associated with symptomatic leaves. The frequently isolated fungus C. gloeosporioides was found to be pathogenic to respective plants when pathogenicity of the isolated fungus was tested following modified "detached leaf technique" and "spraying of spore suspension" methods. Present paper is the first report of anthracnose of R. serpentine from Bangladesh.

Keywords: Anthracnose, Diseases, Rauwolfia serpentina

Location: Botanical garden, Curzon Hall Campus, Dhaka University, Lawachara, Sylhet, Botanic garden, Chittagong University campus and Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-04-2007

End Date: 00-10-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants, Diseases

Objectives:

1. To investigate the association of fungi with diseased leaves and their identification

2. To test the pathogenic potentiality of the isolates.

Methodology:

Samples were collected from field of Botanical garden, Curzon Hall Campus, Dhaka University, Lawachara, Sylhet, Botanic garden, Chittagong University campus and Mymensingh during the period of April 2007 to August 2013. Experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka. Blotter" method, moist chambers were made by placing two layers of filter paper on the bottom of the Petri plates; moistened with sterilized water, covered with upper lids and were sterilized (autoclaved at 15 lbs pressure and 120°C temperature). Four square mm. sized inocula were prepared from the samples, surface sterilized with 10% chlorox for 3-5 minutes. A total number of 30 inocula were transferred in 10 Petri plates and incubated for 5-7 days at temperature 25 to 28° C. The fungi growing out of the inocula were transferred to separate plates and slants for further studies and storage. Percentage association of the fungi was also recorded. Identification of the isolates were determined the standard literatures. All the specimens were preserved in the Herbarium, Mycology and Plant pathology section, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In total 16 fungal species were isolated from the anthracnose infected Rauwolfia serpentina. Six treatments with three replications for each fungus was used as follows: T₁ = (control) dorsally inoculated leaf pieces with PDA block, T₂ = (control) ventrally inoculated leaf pieces with PDA block, T₃ = dorsally unpricked inoculated leaf pieces with test fungus; T₄ = ventrally unpricked inoculated leaf pieces with test fungus, T₅ = dorsally pricked inoculated leaf pieces with test fungus and T₆ = ventrally pricked inoculated leaf pieces with test fungus. The inoculated plates were incubated at 25-28°C. After 5 days of inoculation lesions size were recorded. The pathogenic fungus screened from "Detached leaf assay" were selected for net house experiment. Healthy seedlings of R. serpentina was transplanted in earthen pots (10 inch diameter) containing sterilized soil at three seedlings per pot and allowed to grow for one month in net house providing, necessary water and nutrients. Soil was sterilized with lQ% formalin and covered with polythene sheet for three days and then polythene sheet was removed,for three gays then soil was poured on pots. Identified fungus was purified and its pathogenicity was examined by inoculating fresh healthy plants following spraying of spore suspension method. Conidia from seven days old culture of test fungus was taken in 250 ml conical flask with sterilized water. Ten ml water suspension of test fungus at 104 ml cone. was prepared and taken in a hand sprayer and sprayed on healthy potted plant. Control received only sterilized water without fungal inocula. Five pots were. inoculated for each treatment. The inoculated and control plants were placed in a clean bench in net house following completely randomized design. The plants were examined daily and continued for 10 days to record the development of symptoms Inoculated plants were covered by perforated polythene bags to avoid contamination and to maintain humidity. Symptom produced on artificial inoculated plants were recorded and compared with those observed on naturally infected plants. Inoculated fungus was re-isolated to fulfill Koch's postulate.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41 (2): 183-192, December 2015

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Achievement/Findings:

The frequency percentage of association of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was higher than any other fungi associated with symptomatic leaves. The frequently isolated fungus C. gloeosporioides was found to be pathogenic to respective plants when pathogenicity of the isolated fungus was tested following modified "detached leaf technique" and "spraying of spore suspension" methods. Present paper is the first report of anthracnose of R. serpentine from Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal