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Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of New Rice Variety Under Variable Nitrogen Rates

Md Anamul Haque
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. Moynul Haque
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Globally, the current important concern is to minimize nitrogen use in crop culture under climate change condition. The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the rainy season of 2014 to assess growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of a new rice variety. The new rice variety (BUdhan 1) was treated with six levels of nitrogenous fertilizer in a randomized complete block design replicated th ree times. The nitrogen levels 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha^-1 constituted the treatment variables. Results revealed that growth of the new rice variety favored at higher levels of applied nitrogen although it flattened at 80 and 100 kg N ha^-1. Preanthesis assimilates reserves contributed to sustain ing the yield of the variety which indicated that current photosynthesis was insufficient to support the present yield level. The assimilate remobilization varied from 109.21 to 232.93 gm⁻² between the nitrogen levels where the maximum amount of remobilization was observed at 60 kg N ha^-1. The highest grain yield (5.36 tha^-1) was found when the variety was fertilized with 60 kg N ha^-1. Application of 60 kg N ha^-1 also showed the highest nitrogen use efficiency (344.50 kg grain/kg N applied) of the variety. We concluded that application of the intermediate level of nitrogen was economical and environment-friendly for the cultivation of new rice variety.

Keywords: Rice, Variety, Growth, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To assess growth, productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of new rice variety as affected by different levels of applied nitrogen fertilizers.

Methodology:

Field experiment was carried out at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh located at 24^?5'N latitude and 90^?16'E longitude. Nearly 26% of the average rainfall (2270 mm) was received from the monsoon during the study period and minimum and maximum temperatures recorded during period of plant growth were 18.1?C and 34.3?C respectively. The soil of the experimental site was shallow red terrace under Salna series which is clay in texture. Thirty days old seedlings of new rice variety (BUdhan 1) was established on 12 August 2014 with one seedling per hill on well puddled soil. The seedlings were collected from a rice seed bed. The crop was treated with six levels of nitrogen fertilizer viz. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 4 m × 3 m. Planting configuration was 20 cm × 15 cm where plots and blocks were separated by 0.5 m and 1.0 m, respectively. The crop was fertilized with 40 -20-20-8 kg PKSZn ha^-1 and applied at the time of final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied as per treatments in the form of urea in three equal installments as top dressing. Top dressing of nitrogen was done at 6, 25 and 50 days after the transplanting (DAT). Irrigation, weeding and other agronomic practices were done whenever necessary. Data on different growth parameters, yield components and yield were recorded. Plant samples were collected at 10 days interval starting from 15 DAT till maturity. The above ground plant parts were segmented into different components as leaf, stem, leaf sheath and panicle. Leaf area was measured by an automatic leaf area meter (AAM -8, Hayashi Dehnko, Japan) immediately after sampling. The partitioned plant parts were then dried in an oven at 70 ?C for 72 hours and weighed. For determination of yield attributes, five hills were selected and number of tiller per hill, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle and thousand grain weight was measured. The crop was harvested from an area of 4.8 m² leaving two rows to avoid border effect. The harvested yield was converted into tha^-1 at 14% moisture content. Based on dry matter accumulated by crop over times, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were calculated. Nitrogen was determined following the method while nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was derived. All collected data were subjected to MSTAT-C software package to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA) and arithmetic means of the treatments were compared by employ ing least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 201 6, 7, 612-622

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.73054

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results it may be concluded that growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the new rice variety were significantly influenced by different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Although growth of the variety increased with increased nitrogen levels, assimilate mobilization towards grain was higher at 60 kg N ha^-1. Consecutively, the variety produced the highest yield with 60 kg N ha^-1 with the highest nitrogen use efficiency. Further research may include characterization and photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf so that inherent physiology may be exploited for further yield improvement of the new variety.

Knowledge Management: Journal