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Research Detail

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M. R. Islam
Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. R. Mazumder
Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. B. Uddin
Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

I. Hussain
Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

This study deals with processing of edible gel using hydrocolloids and sucrose and/or fructose. Carrageenan, xanthan, pectin or their mixture were used to process different types of gels. Influence of hydrocolloid concentration, temperature and pH were studied and the pH ranged were 3.8 to 4.3 based on the type of hydrocolloids. Strength, texture and gelling temperature were influenced by type of hydrocolloids and other solutes. Carrageenan formed firm and brittle gel where as xanthan formed soft and flexible gel. The gels became more opaque as gelling agent concentrations increased. Gels containing 1: 1 ratio of the two hydrocolloids were considered the most palatable. The breaking strength was decreased by reducing the concentration of hydrocolloids but this had an adverse effect on gel syneresis. Addition of xanthan gum made a kappa carrageenan gel softer, more cohesive and more elastic. The gelling temperatures of solutions generally increased due to the addition of sucrose, except when both cation and sucrose concentrations were high. Addition of fructose up to 35% (w/v) had no effect on the gelling temperatures. In practice it was not possible to use carrageenan or xanthan with sugar content higher than 45%. Incorporation of fructose and sucrose resulted in a marked increase in the gel clarity. At low cation concentrations, sucrose strengthened the gels; but at high cation concentrations, sucrose weakened the gels. In all cases, gels formed by rapid cooled in cold water were clearer than the corresponding gels cooled slowly in air. From microbial test it was observed that there was no formation of bacterial colony. No remarkable change in color, flavor and taste were observed at room temperature up to 7 months.

  Processing, Evaluation, Edible, Gel, Standardizatio, Gelling agent
  Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries "Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh.
  
  
  Postharvest and Agro-processing
  Fresh and processed food

To observe the processing standardization and quality evaluation of edible gel.

The experiment was conducted collaboratively in the laboratory of "Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries "Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh and in the laboratory of "Department of Microbiology and hygiene" Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh. Xanthan, pectin (high-methyl pectin), high fructose com syrup (HFCS), Sodium citrate (tri-sodium citrate), potassium citrate were supplied by Pran-Rfl Group. Bangladesh. Carrageenan and food grade sucrose, Lychee flavor was supplied by Prof. Dr. M. Burhan Uddin, Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, BAD. Phenolphthalein indicator, methylene blue indicator, 45% neutral lead acetate solution, 22% potassium oxalate solution, 0.1N NaOH, citric acid, Potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, malic acid supplied by Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, BAD. About O.O.02g kg-1 of the strawberry flavor mix was added to all the gels.Gels were prepared by mixing the gelling agent, citrate with cold water and then, dissolving it at 80°C in a water bath. This was combined with the sucrose/glucose syrup, which had previously been heated in a water bath until all the sucrose was dissolved. The mixture was maintained at 80°C for 15 min and constant stirring occurred throughout to ensure complete dissolution of solutes. At this stage citric acid and benzoate was added and heating continued at 80°C for a further 2 min. Finally, the flavor mixture was introduced and stirring continued for 1 min to ensure equal distribution of the volatile compounds. The mixture was then filled in the can and the fruit particle was added at this stage. The can (plastic container) was immediately sealed and allowed to cool to water at ambient temperature. Pectin gel was prepared in a similar manner, except that 5 g of the sucrose was mixed with the pectin and sodium citrate before being dissolved in water. Also, a temperature of 85°C was achieved while preparing the pectin gels and this temperature was maintained until the final stage, when the solution was cooled to ambient temperature before the flavor mixture was added.The physical and physico-chemical properties and chemical and biochemical composition was analyzed and the parameters assessed were moisture, pH, total soluble solids, acidity, sugar. Moisture was determined by AOAC, pH was determined by Covenin, sugar was determined. For microbial assessment Total Viable Count (TVC) and yeast and mold count were determined by the method described APHA. A panel of 10 assessors participated in this study. A preliminary training session was held during which the panel developed common vocabulary to evaluate the sensory characteristics of the gels and agreed upon assessing four attributes flavor (evaluated by smelling), taste, color (all evaluated during consumption) and overall acceptability by a scoring rate on a 9 point hedonic scale. Hedonic scale used 9=like extremely, 8=Like very much, 7=Like moderately, 6= Like slighty, 5=N either like nor dislike, 4=Dislike slighty, 3=Dislike moderately, 2=Dislike very much and 1 =Dislike extremely. The preference differences were evaluated by statistical analysis of the data for variance and consequently Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The gel was processed, packaged and stored for 5 months. The changes of pH, TSS, moisture, acidity, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar were observed at an interval of 30 days under room temperature (25-30°C) during the storage period.

  World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences 6 (2): 229-233, 2011, ISSN l817-308X
  URLhttp://www.idosi.org/wjdfs/wjdfs6(2)/18.pdf
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The increasing demand for food products with sugar content challenges the food industry to develop healthy products without affecting texture and sensory properties. Gels and gel networks play an important role in the texture of foods and as such they remain a challenge to food technologists. Adding fructose up to 35%w/v to 0.6 and 1.0% hydrocolloids solutions exhibited little effect on the gelling temperatures. The addition of 10% increment of sucrose increased the gelling temperatures by 1.5-3°C. Adding sucrose or fructose increased gel clarity by reducing the differences in refractive index between polymer and the medium, i.e. by reducing the optical contrast between gel and the surrounding environment. The potassium sorbate decreases the potential for molding. Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate decrease the growth of yeast. Calcium ions increase the rigidity of a carrageenan gel, the effect being most pronounced when potassium ions are added as well.

  Journal
  


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