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Dairy Cattle Mortality in an Organized Herd in Bangladesh

M. M. Hossain
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

M. S. Islam
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstatrics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

A. H. M. Kamal
Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. A. Rahman
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

H. S. Cho
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conductedtofindoutthecausesandfactorsaffectingthedairycattlemortality. A retrospective study of dairy cattle mortality on the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) in Bangladesh was carried out between 1992 and 2007. Sixteen years of data on mortality of dairy cattle were analyzed for the effects of year, season, age,sex, breed,and etiology on mortality rate. The average overall mortality rate was 5.60% and on average, female cattle (55.71%) were found to die more than males (44.29%). Mortality was more in crossbred cattle than in indigenous breed. Higher mortality of cattle was observed in rainy season (37.98%) followed by winter (33.03%) and summer (28.99%). The major causes of death were diseases of the respiratory tract, mainly pneumonia (39.91%). Tuberculosis was the second most common cause of mortality accounting for 20.58% of deaths. The other major cause of death was disease of the alimentary tract, mainly enteritis (15.58%). Other causes of death occurred in the following frequencies: malnutrition (5.91%), debility (4.43%), hair ball (3.35%), tympanitis (2.56%), babesiosis(2.27%), internal haemorrhage(2.16%), black quarter(1.76%), and foot and mouth disease(1.48%). Of the four potential risk factors investigated, age was the most important factor and significantly associated with mortality. During the first month of life,calveshadahigherrisk of mortality than adults.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Dairy cattle, Mortality,

Location: CCBDF at Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-1992

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To find out the causes and factors affecting the dairy cattle mortality on CCBDF.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the CCBDF at Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The CCBDF was established in 1973 on 1300 acres of land with the assistance of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation at Savar Upazila in the Dhaka district of Bangladesh. This farm is located between 23 46' and 23 58' North latitude and 90 12' and 90 20' East longitude and about 30 km northwest of the capital city of Dhaka. For the retrospective study, the data were collected based on farm records of all cattle deaths over a period of 16 years (1992 to 2007) on the CCBDF. Information on the date of birth, sex, breed, date of death, and causes of death were collected from the farm at the individual animal level. The age and breed of cattle were collected from records available in the byre section of the farm. Initially all data were recorded on a day-to-day basis and were then tabulated on a master sheet on a week-by week and month-by-month basis to assess weekly, monthly, and yearly variations.Data on the causes of mortality were obtained from death reports routinely prepared by veterinarians at the Veterinary Hospital of the CCBDF. Each death report usually consisted of history, clinical and macroscopic post-mortem findings, and occasionally laboratory data. However, because most diagnoses were based on clinical grounds and post-mortem findings and in such cases confirmed by laboratory aids, the data were arranged into five major diagnostic groups as bacterial and mycobacterial diseases; viral disease; protozoan disease; disease syndrome and physiological disorder. The data were checked manually for obvious inconsistencies, recording errors,or missing data. Microsoft Excel 2003 was used to calculate the descriptive statistics. Then the collected data were transferred to STATA version 11 for statistical analysis. The Poisson regression model was used to analyze the mortality of dairy cattle. All tests of statistical significance were carried out at the p <0.05 level unless other wise stated.

Source of Information: Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.7/May-2014/12.pdf, Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.331-336

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Age of the animal was found to be the most important risk factors of mortality followed by breed and season. So, this study suggested that greater attention should be paid to the time of colostrum feeding, proper timing and management of calves, and hygiene of calf barns. Because of the complex nature of dairy management systems, a variety of causes are responsible for diseases and mortality of dairy cattle.

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