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Effect of Indigenous Herbal Preparations on Coccidiosis of Poultry

ABM Jalal Uddin
Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh.

Maksudur Rashid
Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh.

Md Anwarul Khan
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md Abdul Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md Abdus Sobhan
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

AWM Shamsul Islam
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease in chickens caused by Eimeria spp with great economic significance. The disease can be controlled by using modern anticoccidial drugs. However large scale and long term use of anticoccidial drugs has led to the resistance. Phytotherapy can be used successfully as an alternative coccidiosis control strategy. Ninety six chicks experimentally infected with coccidiosis were used in the present study. The chicks were divided into 24 groups and were treated with the crude watery extract (10%) of mango, pineapple, guava, chutra leaves and thankuni at the dose rate of 1ml, 5ml and 10ml per Kg body weight as well as one group was treated with Embazine® at recommended dose. The effects of these drugs were evaluated by oocyst count from faecal sample and the mortality rate. The result shows that the 10ml/Kg dose worked better than other dose. In this dose oocyst count significantly decreased (P< 0.01) at the day of 4 (mango), 2 (pineapple), 12 (guava), 2 (chutra) and 4 (thankuni). No oocyst found in feces at the day 8 (chutra and thankuni), 12 (mango and pineapple) whereas on day 12 it shows oocyst in feces in case guava. It shows that mortality encounter 75% in mango and guava group, 50% in pineapple and thankuni group, wheras no mortality recorded in chutra group. After completion of experiment it was noted that chutra leaves was most effective at the dose rate of 10 ml/kg body weight and effective near about Embazine.

Keywords: Coccidiosis, Phytotherapy,Chicken

Location: Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-03-1989

End Date: 00-06-1989

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases, Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To determine the anticoccidial effects in chickens.

Methodology:

The experiment was performed in the Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Ninety six chicks of white leg horn breed infected with coccidiosis and weighing between 250 - 350 gms were used for this study during March to June 1989. All the chicks were 4 weeks of age. At first ten chicks suffering from coccidiosis were collected from the private farm. From these diseased chicks, coccidiosis was produced in rest of the chicks. All the infected coccidiosis chicks were kept in good housing condition free from any contamination and they were maintained on a balance ration consisting of 3200 k cal/kg feed and 20% protein and water ad lib. The procedure employed in the present study consisted of 3 steps. Viz: A. Collection and preparation of crude watery extract (10%) of medicinal plants; B. Studies on the efficacy of different crude watery extracts of medicinal plants against coccidiosis in chicks; C. Studies on the comparative efficacy of crude watery extract of selected medicinal plants with that of modern patent drug Embazine against cocccidiosis in chicks. The leaves of selected plants such as mango, pineapple, guava, chutra and the whole of thankuni were selected in fresh condition. The collected growing mango, pineapple, guava, chutra and the whole of thankuni were washed thoroughly with water. Then these were cut into small pieces and dried in the sun for 7 days. These dried sample were taken into equal parts by measuring with balance and pulverized with the help of a grinding machine. Finally the ground power was preserved in an air tight bottle. 200 gms powders of fresh leaves of each plants was prepared. From the ground powder of the sample 10 gms from each sample was taken in 100ml of distilled water in a clean beaker and mixed thoroughly by a stirrer. Then the beaker was placed on a heater and the content of the beaker was boiled for 15 - 20 minutes. After replace from the heater the contents were filtered by passing through fine muslin. The watery extracts was then placed in a sterilized air tight bottle and labeled for further study. For administration to the chick, fresh crude watery extracts were prepared daily. Each kind of samples was kept in separate glass bottle with labeling. Eighty infected (coccidiosis) chicks were used for this study. The disease condition of coccidiosis of the chicks were confirmed by observing visiable signs and symptoms and also by examining the presence of oocyst in the faeces. All the infect ed chicks were randomly divided into 20 groups each consisting of 4 chicks. All the chicks were housed group by group in 20 different cages. The cages were numbered as I to XX. Group I chicks did not receive any treatment and was kept as control. Group II , III, and IV chicks were treated with crude watery extract of mango leaves at the dose rate of 1ml, 5ml and 10 ml per kg body weight respectively. Sixteen infected (coccidiosis) chicks were used for this study. All the chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups each consisting of 4 chicks. The chicks and were kept in 4 different cages group wise and numbered as I to IV. Group I chicks was kept as control without giving any treatment. Group II and III chicks were given crude watery extract of chutra and thankuni leaves respectively at the dose rate of 10 m l/kg body weight. The dose (10 ml/kg) of crude watery extract was found to be most effective in treating the chicks infected with coccidiosis. On the other hand, group IV chicks received Embazine at the dose rate of 15 ml/gallon of drinking water and was supplied continuously for 3 days and fresh water was given for two days following Embazine again for 3 consecutive days.After administration of crude watery extracts and Embazine to different groups of chick s as mentioned above,all the treated chicks were kept under close observation for a period of 12 days.

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 145-149, April 2016, ISSN: 2409-0603

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i1.27869

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above findings it may be noted that some herbal extracts have anticoccidial activities. Almost similar types of findings were reported by many investigators. Extracts of chutra leaves was more effective than other extracts (mango, guava, pineapple, thankuni). Due to unavailability of literature, the findings not properly explained in this study. In near furure the investigation needs to be performed to demonstrate the active ingredients of chutra having anticoccidial activity.

Knowledge Management: Journal