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Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Promote Growth and Enhance Nutrient Uptake by Wheat

Aniruddha Sarker
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Nur Mohammad Talukder
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Tofazzal Islam
Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phosphorus (P) fixation limits availability of P to plants in tropical soil, which is a major constraint for crop production. The aim of our research was to isolate, screen and characterize phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from wheat and evaluate their efficacy in P nutrition in wheat. Upon screening, 9 isolates showing varying level of phosphate solubilizing activity in both agar plate and broth assays using Pikovskaya’s medium were obtained. The pH of the culture media was decreased with increased bacterial growth suggesting that they might secrete organic acids to solubilize insoluble phosphorus. In vitro wheat seedling bioassay with two superior PSB isolates (PSB1 and PSB8) and varying sources of P revealed that both isolates significantly enhanced seedling growth (shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight) and nutrient contents (%N, %P and %K) in plant tissue compared to control (no PSB). The performance of PSB8 was superior to PSB1 in respect of all the parameters studied. The PSB8 was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results suggest that Pseudomonas sp. PSB8 isolated from wheat might be useful for improving P nutrition in wheat in soils with low available P.

Keywords: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Wheat, P nutrition

Location: Analytical laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To isolate, screen and characterize PSB from the rhizoplane of wheat;

2. To evaluate phosphate solubilizing capacity of the isolated PSB and their growth at different pH on culture medium

3. To assess performance of some superior PSB on growth and nutrient contents in wheat seedlings.

Methodology:

The root samples were collected from the 20 day-old wheat seedlings grown at the Analytical laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry using sterile forceps and needles. The roots were cut into small pieces and homogenized by crushing followed by vigorous shaking by a vortex mixture for 1 min in 20 mL distilled water in a sterile test tube. Homogenate was diluted 100-fold by a dilution series down to 1 × 10^-6. Pikovskaya’s (PVK) medium was used for isolating possible potential PSB (Pikovskaya, 1948). Exactly 100 µL aliquot of each sample (ca. 1 × 10^-6 dilution series) were taken and spread over the PVK medium for identification of watery clear halo zone of the bacterial strains. From the mixtures of different bacterial strains, the potential PSB were detected and isolated on the basis of clear halo zone. All inoculated plates were incubated at 25°C for 2 days and observation was continued for 4 days. The in vivo experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having two factors (both factor with similar preference) with 3 replications. The statistical analysis of the experiment was carried out using statistical computer package MSstat-C and PLABstat. The ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to analyze the data.

Source of Information: Plant Science Today (2014) 1(2): 86-93, ISSN: 2348-1900

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2014.1.2.25

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study successfully isolated nine PSB from the rhizoplane of wheat grown in slightly acidic soils in Bangladesh. These PSB displayed promising effects in solubilization of phosphate from insoluble tricalcium phosphates in both agar and broth assays. One of the isolate, Pseudomonas sp. PSB8 significantly enhanced growth and nutrient uptake by wheat seedlings. This study should be further extended to investigate the potential of PSB8 under field conditions before considering its practical use as an alternative to synthetic super phosphate fertilizer for low input sustainable wheat production.

Knowledge Management: Journal