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Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Rate of Cowdung and Poultry Manure.

U. A. Naher
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. Hashem
Professor
Soil Science Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. K. Uddin
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. Sultana
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. Saleque
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur with two organic sources, cow dung (CD) and poultry manure (PM), to study its carbon and nitrogen mineralization pattern. The treatment was cowdung and poultry manure alone and its combination with rice straw (RS) and lime (L). The total decomposition period was 90 days. Initially the CD contained 195.5 g/kg and the PM contained 352.3 g/kg of oxidizable organic carbon. The carbon mineralization followed the first order kinetics and was best fit in (Co-Ct) vs t in logarithmic model (Co is initial carbon content, C is carbon content after time, t). The carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates of PM were higher than that of CD. The addition of lime increased the carbon mineralization rate and rice straw decreased the carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates of CD and PM. The nitrogen concentration was 11.6 g/kg in CD and 34.6 g/kg in PM. The NH₄⁺-N concentration in PM and was 29.3 g/kg against the 0.25 g/kg in CD. The NO₃^--N concentration was very low in the CD and PM at the initial stage of decomposition.

Keywords: Carbon, Nitrogen, Mineralization, Poultry manure, Cowdung, Rice straw, Lime

Location: The Green house at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land management

Objectives:

Objective of the study was to determining the carbon and nitrogen mineralization under natural condition.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the green house at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur. The fresh poultry manure, partially decomposed cowdung, rice straw and lime were used in this experiment. The rice straw was chopped in to about one-inch pieces and mixed with cowdung and poultry manure as 1:1 (by volume). The materials were kept in the one-kg plastic pots. Twenty-five gm of lime dust was mixed with cowdung and poultry manure in the specific pots. A number of 18 pots were kept in uncovered and remaining 18 pots were kept covered. The oxidizable organic carbon in the sample was determined volumetrically by wet oxidation method according to Walkley and Black (1934). A wet sample 0.1 g was taken to determine the organic carbon and finally percent organic carbon was calculated on dry weight basis. The oxidizable organic carbon mineralization rate constant k was determined by using the equation log (Co-Ct) vs t according to Stanford and Smith (1972). K= 2.303 (log C -log C_o)/ t. Where, k = mineralization rate, logCo initial oxidizable organic carbon, logC_t organic carbon at the time t (15 day intervals). The estimate of half-life of carbon in tropical climate was derived from mean value of decomposition rate. The mean value of decomposition rate and half-life (t 1/2) was calculated using the formula (Stanford and Smith, 1972). T_1/32 = 0.693/ k. The mean mineralization rate was calculated using t = 90 days of decomposition. The total nitrogen was measured by Kjeldahl method according to Bremner (1965). A portion of 0.2 g of wet sample was taken and the g/kg total nitrogen was calculated on dry weight basis. Mineral nitrogen (NH₄+-N and NO₃^- -N) was measured by steam distillation methods. The samples were extracted with 40 ml of 0.01N CaCl₂ (Smith et. al., 1980). In the presence of H₃BO₃ indicator solution and MgO (0.2 g), NH₄+ was separated from the CaC₂ extract by the steam distillation method described by Keeney and Nelson (1982). The distillate was titrated immediately with standardized 0.008 N H₂SO₄. Following removal of NH₄ -N, 0.2g of Devardas alloy was added rapidly through a dry powder funnel and the distillate was titrated with standardized 0.008 N H₂SO₄. The organic nitrogen was calculated by deduction of inorganic nitrogen from total nitrogen (Gilmour et. al., 2003). Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using a factorial design (four factor in RCBD) with 3 replications. The regression analysis was done using the microstate software.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 16(1) : 61-68, 2005; ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The rate of organic carbon mineralization was higher in the poultry manure than in the cowdung treatments. Rice straw had slower decomposition rate. On the other hand, lime enhanced the carbon mineralization rate. The highest half-life was obtained from poultry manure + rice straw and the lowest half-life from poultry manure + lime covered treatment. Generally, the carbon mineralization was higher in the uncovered treatments compared to covered treatments over the organic materials. At the initial stage of decomposition the nitrate nitrogen concentration was very low in poultry manure treatments. The total nitrogen content increased in some treatments with time, which might be a contribution from microbes.

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