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Blossoming Characteristics in Black Cumin Genotypes in Relation Seed Yield Influenced by Sowing Time

Md Ziaul Haq
Scientific Officer
Seed Science and Technology Unit, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. Mofazzal Hossain
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. Moynul Haque
Seed Science and Technology Unit, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Mira Rani Das
Agriculture Training Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Muhammad Shamsul Huda
Farm Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.; Family- Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavor. Seed of black cumin has great potentiality as spice crop due to nutritive and medicinal values. The experiments were carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2011 to 2012 to determine optimum planting time for seed production of black cumin. The experiment was two factorials. Factor A: 4 genotypes were V₁ : Exotic, Iran; V₂ : BARI kalo-zira - 1; V₃ : Local, Faridpur and V₄ : Local, Natore. Factor B: sowing date: D₁ : 16 October; D₂ : 1 November; D₃ : 16 November and D₄ : 1 December. Therefore , treatment combinations were 16 in total. So, in 3 replications total plot was 48. Result revealed that significantly the highest 2.37 t/ha in V₁, followed by V₂ (1.96 t/ha). V₂ and V₃ (1.97 t/ha) were statistically similar and maximum yield was obtained from D₂ (2.65 t/ha). In combined effect, maximum yield 3.00 t/ha was obtained in V₁D₂. Investigation on time of sowing revealed that performance of black cumin was better in earlier sowings (16 October, 1 November) than later ones. The highest yield (4g plant^-1; 2.65 tha^-1) was obtained when the crop was sown on 1 November. Among the genotypes, the exotic one with sowing in 1 November gave the highest seed yield (4.54 g· plant^-1; 3.00 t· ha^-1).

Keywords: Black cumin, Flower blooming, Capsule, Seed yield, Sowing time

Location: orticulture Research Field, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Black cumin

Objectives:

1) To assess the effect of various sowing time on flowering for seed production of black cumin genotypes

2) To determine the interaction effect of sowing time and genotypes.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Horticulture Research Field, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the winter season of 2011-12. The experiment having two factors was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were randomly allotted in each block. Each block consisted of 16 plots and the dimension of each plot was 1.2 m × 1.2 m (1.44 m²) having a plot to plot and block to block distances of 0.5 m and 1.0 m, respectively. Soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam and soil P^H 5, 84. The experiment plots were manured and fertilized with Cowdung, Urea, TSP and MP at the rate of 10 t, 125, 95 and 75 kg/ha respectively. The seeds were mixed with some loose soil to allow uniform sowing in rows. Then, seeds were sown in rows 15 cm apart continuously by hand @ 10 kg/ha, maintaining a depth of one cm. Continuous line sowing was done to maintain plant to plant distance 10 cm by thinning later on. The seeds were covered with loose soil properly just after sowing and gently pressed by hands. The crop was harvested when 50% of the capsules changed color from green to straw color.The experiment was two factorials. Factor A: 4 genotypes were V₁ : Exotic, Iran; V₂ : BARI kalozira-1; V₃ : Local, Faridpur and V₄ : Local, Natore. Factor B: Sowing date: D₁ : 16 October; D₂ : 1 November; D₃ : 16 November and D₄ : 1 December. Therefore , treatment combinations were 16 in total. So, in 3 replications total plot was 48. Data were collected from the inner rows of each plot to avoid the border effect. In each unit plot, 10 plants were selected randomly for recording data. The following seed yield and yield contributing characters were recorded. Number of days required for first emergence after seed sowing was calculated from all the plots separately by close observation after seed sowing. Number of days required for 50% emergence after seed sowing was calculated from all the plots separately by close observation after seed sowing. Days to 1st flower bud initiation was recorded by calculating the days from the date of sowing to bud initiation by observing the plants every morning. Days to 50% flower bud initiation was recorded by calculating the days from the date of sowing to bud initiation by observing the plants every morning. Days to 1st flower blooming was recorded by calculating the days from the date of sowing to bud initiation by observing the plants every morning (1st opened flower in plot). Days to flower in 50% plant was recorded by counting the days from the date of sowing to flower in 50% plants every morning (50% of the plant in a plot opened flower). Days to 1st capsule setting was recorded by counting the days from the date of sowing every morning. Days to capsule setting in 50% plants was recorded by counting the days from the date of sowing every morning. Days to 1st capsule ripening in each plot was recorded by counting the days from the date of sowing every morning. When capsule color was changed from green to straw, then it was counted as ripened. Days to capsule ripening in 50% plants in each plot was recorded by counting the days from the date of sowing every morning. When capsule color was changed from green to straw, then it was counted as ripened. This parameter indicates whether the genotypes was short-durated or late. The collected data were analyzed statistically using MSTAT- C computer package (Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA) following the methods. The analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA), differences among treatment means were determined using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2015, 6, 1167-1183

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.68121

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The genotypes of black cumin showed variation in growth and yield behavior. Genotype V₁ (Exotic) was found suitable for higher seed production. Genotype V₄ (Natore local) was found as short durated and V₁ long durated crop. Seeds of V₁ (Exotic) and V₂ (BARI kalojeera1) showed higher germination and higher vigor sowing in 1 November followed by 16 October obtained the highest yield, and sowing in 16 October took maximum duration for harvest.

Knowledge Management: Journal