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Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities on Ethanolic Extract of Terminalia Chebula Fruits in Experimental Animal Models

Md. Safkath Ibne Jami
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Zakia Sultana
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6505, Bangladesh.

Md. Ershad Ali
Department of Chemistry, Dhaka College, National University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mst. Marium Begum
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6505, Bangladesh.

Md. Mominul Haque
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (commonly known as Hartoki) fruits in experimental animal models. The study was carried out using Swiss Albino mice (20 - 25 g) and Long Evans rats (100 - 150 g) of either sex. The analgesic activity of Terminalia chebula was assessed by using hot plate method. For the determination of analgesic effect, doses of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula used in the present study were 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Anti-inflammatory effect was analyzed by carrageenan induced paw edema method with the administration dose of 300 mg/kg BW of animals. The analysis of experimental data was performed by statistical process of ANOVA to determine the variability of sample, while Dunnet’s test was performed for evaluation of comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia chebula with control and standard. The animals were divided into four treatment groups of six animals each and the “Mean ± SEM” is the statistical identifiable value of the data and P values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Hot plate test showed a significant increase in the mean reaction time to heat stimuli in hot plate method at both 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg BW doses throughout the observation period in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment, which was comparable to the standard ketorolac and control group. In carrageenan induced paw edema method, considerable results were found after determining the percentage change in paw volume in extract. In both cases of analgesic and anti-inflammatory study, % inhibition of pain and inflammation were evaluated. Comparing with control, largest inhibition was found in inhibiting inflammation 5 hours after treatment, while the largest inhibition of pain was obtained in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment of doses. The present study suggests that ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities .

Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Hartoki, Terminalia Chebula

Location: Ayurvedic Nursery, Savar, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Hartoki

Objectives:

To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory quality of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (commonly known as Hartoki) fruits

Methodology:

Fresh fruits of Terminalia chebula (Hartoki) were used in this experiment. The plant specimens for the purpose were collected from the Ayurvedic Nursery, Savar, Bangladesh in the month of June, 2012. The specimen was identified and authenticated by the botanical officer of the Bangladesh National Herbarium. After identification, the plant specimens for research purpose were collected and then preserved in appropriate air circulation condition. Swiss Albino mice (20 - 25 g) and Long Evans rats (100 - 150 g) of either sex were used for this experimental study. All the animals were acclimated to laboratory conditions for one week before the commencement of the experiments. The animals were housed under standard laboratory conditions (relative humidity 55% - 65%, room temperature 25.0?C ± 2?C, and alternate light-dark cycle of 12 hours each) and were allowed free access to standard dry pellet diet and filtered water. Animals were fasted overnight with free access to water prior to each experiment. The study was performed according to the CPCSEA (Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experimentation on Animals) guidelines. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits were tested for different phytoconsituents like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, protein, carbohydrates using standard procedures. Acute oral toxicity study was carried out for ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits using Acute Toxic Class Method as described in OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) Guidelines. The statistical analysis was carried by one way ANOVA to compare the effects on treatment groups before and after treatment with control group and Dunnet’s multiple “t” tests were used to determine the effect of each treatment against control group. P values < 0.05 (95% confidence limit) was considered statistically significant, using software SPSS. The null hypothesis (H0) was, there was no difference in effects of treatments between the treatment groups compared with control group and alternate hypothesis (H₀) was, there was significant difference in effect of treatment between the treatment groups compared with control group.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014, 5, 63-69

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.51010

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study concluded that, the ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory qualities and acted on mice and rats at the doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and, 300 mg/kg respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal