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Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Feronia Limonia Leaf Extract

Mohammad Abdul Motalib Momin
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh .

Mizanur Rahaman Khan
Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Johir Rayhan
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh .

Afrina Afrose
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh .

Sohel Rana
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh .

Anjuman Ara Begum
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh .

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was carried out to investigate possible antibacterial and anti diarrheal activities of ethanol extract of Feronia limonia (Elephant apple) leaves. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed to detect presence of different kinds of phyto constituents. The antibacterial activity was investigated against four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The plant extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus pyogenes and all tested Gram negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysentery and Shigella flexneri in dose dependent manner. The results of castor oil induced diarrheal study showed that, Feronia limonia extract significantly reduced the severity and frequency of diarrhea in mice at a higher dose of 500 mg/kg compared with the standard drug loper amide (25 mg/kg). The present study clearly supports the medicinal value of this plant. The overall results indicate the possibility of presence of some active principles in the plant extract possessing antibacterial and anti diarrheal actions.

Keywords: Elephant apple, Phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial, Antidiarrhoeal, Feronia limonia

Location: Khulna district and Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To investigate possible antibacterial and anti diarrheal qualities of ethanol extract of Feronia limonia (Elephant apple) leaves.

Methodology:

The plant material was collected from Khulna district, Bangladesh and identified by the taxonomist of Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka (Accession No. DACB- 34397). The voucher specimens of the plants have been deposited in the herbarium for future reference. The leaves of collected plant were sun dried for one week. The plant parts were then converted into a coarse powder with a suitable grinder. The powder was stored in an air tight container and kept in a cool, dark and dry place until analysis commenced. Young Swiss-albino mice (average weight 20 - 25 gm) were purchased from the Animal Research Branch of the International Center for Diarrheal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDRB) for assessing biological activity. The animals were kept in standard environmental conditions for one week for adaptation after their purchase and fed ICDDRB formulated rodent food and water. All the experiments were conducted on an isolated and noiseless condition. Phytoconstituents like saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides were identified by characteristic color changes using different reagents following standard procedures. The antimicrobial assay was performed by disc diffusion method. Eight pathogenic bacteria (collected from the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease and Research, Bangladesh) were inoculated on 16 ml previously sterilized nutrient agar media, mixed thoroughly and transferred immediately to the sterile Petri dish in an aseptic condition using a sterile loop. Prepared plant extracts (250 µg/disc and 500 µg/disc) and standard kanamycin solutions (30 µg/disc) were applied to the corresponding Petri dish. The plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37?C. After proper incubation, clear zone of inhibition around the point of application of sample solution were measured and expressed in millimeter (mm). The experiment was conducted by previously reported castor oil diarrhea model. The mice were screened initially by giving 0.5 mL of castor oil and only those showing diarrhea were selected for the experiment. The test animals fastened overnight were randomly allocated to four groups consisting of six mice in each group. The animals of group I (control) received vehicles only (distilled water containing 0.1% Tween-80). Group-II (positive control) received standard anti motility drug loperamide (50 mg/kg body weight) as oral suspension. The group-III and group-IV (test groups) were treated with suspension of leaves extract of Feronia limonia at the oral dose of 250 mg/kg-body weight and 500 mg/kg- body weight. After one hour treatment with distilled water, standard drug or plant extract, each animal was given 0.5 mL of castor oil by oral route. Individual animals of each group were then placed in separate cages having adsorbent paper beneath and examined for the presence of diarrhea every hour in five hours study after the castor oil administration. Number of stools or any fluid material that stained the adsorbent paper were counted at each successive hour during the 4-hour period and were noted for each mouse. The latent period of each mouse were also counted. At the beginning of each hour new papers were placed for the old ones. Results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Statistical analysis for animal experiment was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparisons. The results obtained were compared with the control group. P values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013, 4, 2181-2185

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.411270

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of castor oil induced diarrheal study showed that Feronia limonia (Elephant apple) extract significantly reduced the severity and frequency of diarrhea in mice at a higher dose of 500 mg/kg compared with the standard drug loper amide (25 mg/kg). The present study clearly supports the medicinal value of this plant.

Knowledge Management: Journal