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Biochemical Traits and Physico-chemical Attributes of Aromatic-fine Rice in Relation to Yield Potential

M. Abdul Baset Mia
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Mira Rani Das
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Muhammad Kamruzzaman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Nur Muhammad Talukder
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aromatic rice has great potential to attract rice consumer for its taste and deliciousness, and high price to boost up the economic condition of the rice grower in the developing countries. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the morpho- physiological and biochemical attributes in relation to yield potentials of fine aromatic rice varieties in Bangladesh. Two aromatic fine rice cultivars, Ukunmadhu and Kataribough (local land races), one hybridized variety BRRIdhan32 and one mutant variety Binasail were used in the experiment. The results revealed that rice varieties BRRIdhan32 and Binasail showed the greater number of branches of panicle, grain size, grain yield and harvest index as compared to aromatic varieties. On the other hand, aromatic rice showed taller plant stature, more tiller, plant biomass and larger panicle but lower number of primary and secondary branches, grain size, yield and harvest index. The biochemical attributes namely chlorophyll and soluble protein content were higher at vegetative stage as compared to panicle initiation and flowering stages. The aromatic rice Kataribhough and Ukonmondhu contained higher amount of total free amino acid as compared to that of Binasail an d BRRIdhan32. Other biochemical parameters namely nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total sugar and free amino acid contents were higher at flowering stage compared to those contained at tillering and panicle initiation stages. Physico- chemical properties of grain viz. length, breadth, L/B ratio, nitrogen (%) and protein (%) were significantly higher in fine rice as compared to aromatic rice. From the results it may be concluded that the high yielding varieties were more efficient in transfer of photosynthate to the grain i.e . economic yield and that is why BRRIdhan32 recorded the highest yield. Poor yield in Ukonmodhu and Kataribhough was due to low harvest index indicating minimum translocation of assimilates to the grains.

Keywords: Biochemical properties,Aromatic rice, Yield, Grain quality

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the morpho- physiological and biochemical attributes in relation to yield potentials of fine aromatic rice varieties in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Two traditional varieties of aromatic rice namely, Ukunmodhu and Kataribhough, one mutant rice variety having medium grain size Binasail and a hybridized rice variety (obtained from a cross between BR4 × BR2264 by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh) were used as a test crop for this experiment. The physico- chemical properties of the soil was: pH—6.10, organic matter—0.96%, total N—0.07%, P—12 ppm, K—0.10 me%, S—10 ppm, Zn —1.03 ppm and B—0.79 ppm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The whole amount of muriate of potash (MOP) (20 kg·ha^-1), triple super phosphate (TSP) (18 kg·ha^-1), gypsum (S 12 kg·ha^-1) was applied at the final land preparation. Nitrogen at the rate of 70 kg·ha^-1 was applied in the form of urea in three equal splits at 15 days after transplanting, active tillering and panicle initiation stages. Thirty-day old single seedling was transplanted in a hill with plant to plant distance 15 cm and row to row distance 20 cm. Weeding and irrigation were done as and when necessary. Harvesting was done when 80% to 90% of the grain became golden in color. Ten hills (excluding border hills) were randomly selected outside a one m² area kept for yield data from each unit plot. Grain yield was determined by harvesting the one m² area which was prefixed at the center of each plot. The harvested crops were threshed and cleaned, and the grain weight (14% moisture) was recorded after drying in the sun. Biochemical parameters namely nitrate reductase activity (NRA), soluble protein, total free amino acids, chlorophyll content were computed followed by standard methods at different growth stages. Harvest index, the ratio between economic yield and biological yield was calculated by the formula. Length and breadth of kernels were estimated with the help of slide calipers and length:breadth ratio was calculated accordingly. Determination of total nitrogen of grain was done by micro-Kjeldahl method. The grain protein content was determined through digesting the grains by micro-Kjeldahl method. The digested samples were analyzed for N estimation which was determined by Autoanalyzer (Technicon II, Technicon Ltd.). The protein content of the grain was deter- mined by multiplying the N content of grain by 5.95 and the result was expressed in percentage. Collected data on different parameters were analyzed statistically. Analyzes of variance were done following RCBD with the help of computer MSTAT-C package programme developed by Russel. The means were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1788-1795

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.312A219

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall results of the field experiment demonstrated that BRRIdhan32 had the best agronomic performance for grain yield and harvest index. Binasail showed the highest protein contents amongst varieties. Another two aromatic varieties showed the lowest performance in grain yield and protein content also. On the other hand, it may be concluded from the present study that the high yielding varieties were more efficient in transfer of photosynthate to the sink reflecting the higher harvest index. The highest grain yield of BRRIdhan32 was due to the highest harvest index. Poor yield in Ukonmodhu and Kataribhough was due to low harvest index.

Knowledge Management: Journal