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Retrospective Study of Calf Mortality on Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (ccbdf) in Bangladesh

Md. Mukter Hossain
Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University.

Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

AKM Anisur Rahman
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The objective of this study was to find out the underlying causes and factors which are associated with calf mortality. The 16 (1992-2007) year’s data of calf mortality in the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) were analyzed for season, age, sex, breed and etiology. Female calves (56.77%) died more than males (43.23%). The mortality was significantly higher in exotic and crossbred animals than in local/indigenous calves. Mortality rate were 28.99%, 33.03% and 37.98% in rainy, summer and winter season, respectively. The major causes of death were respiratory tract disease (38.75%), tuberculosis (20.02%) and alimentary tract infections (16.73%). The other causes of death in calves occurred in the following frequencies: Malnutrition (5.28%), debility (4.72%), hairball (3.12%), babesiosis (2.56%), internal haemorrhage (2.56%), tympanitis (2.24%), black quarter (2.24%) and foot and mouth disease (1.76%). Age is the most important factor and significantly associated with mortality. Calves of first month of life may have higher mortality risk.

Keywords: Mortality, Calves, Retrospective study

Location: CBDF at Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-1992

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. To document the pattern of calf mortality in central cattle breeding and dairy farm.

2. To identify factors associated with mortality as well as to recommend appropriate measures to reduce the mortality.

Methodology:

This study was conducted in CCBDF at Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In the CCBDF, the crossbred animals constitute 60% of the herd population and proportions of other breeds include 14% Holstein Friesian, 16% Sahiwal and other Indian sub- continental genotypes and 10% local/indigenous breed. For the retrospective study, the data were collected based on the farm records of all cattle deaths over a period of 16 years (1992 to 2007). Information on the date of birth, sex and breed, date of death and causes of death were collected from the farm at the individual animal level. Data on the causes of mortality were obtained from the death reports routinely prepared by the veterinarians in the Veterinary Hospital of CCBDF. Each death report usually consisted of history, clinical and macroscopic post-mortem findings and occasionally laboratory data. However, as most diagnoses were based on clinical grounds and post-mortem findings and in such cases confirmed by laboratory aids, the data were arranged into 5 (five) major diagnostic groups as follows: (1) Bacterial and mycobacterium disease (Black quarter and tuberculosis); (2) Viral disease (Foot and Mouth Disease); (3) Protozoan disease (Babesiosis); (4) Disease syndrome (Debility, enteritis, internal haemorrhage, malnutrition, pneumonia and tympanitis); and (5) Physiological disorder (Hair ball). Data were transferred to STATA version 11 for statistical analysis. The correlations between ages and sex were analyzed by using Poisson regression model. All tests of statistical significance were carried out at the P≤0.05 level.

Source of Information: Eurasian Journal of veterinary Science, 29 (3), 121-125, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the risk factors associated with mortality, age of the animal was found to be the most important, before breed and season. Greater attention might be paid to the time of colostrum feeding, proper timing and management of calves and hygiene of calf barns. Because of the complex nature of dairy management systems, the varieties of causes are responsible for diseases and deaths of dairy calf.

Knowledge Management: Journal