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Effect of Salinity on Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato Cultivars

M. O. Islam
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. A. Matin
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. F. M. S. Islam
PSO
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot culture experiment was carried out in Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, to investigate the effect of salinity on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of five sweet potato cultivars of which two were Bangladeshi namely, Kamalasundari and Daulatpuri and the rest three were Japanese as JB, J1 and J7. Three salinity levels as 4.6 dS m^-1 8.6 dSm^-1 and 12.6 dSm^-1 were applied by adding crud NaCl salt along with a control of 0.7 dSm^-1 salinity (no salt added). Vine length, number of leaves, number of branches and leaf area were reduced with the increasing salinity levels compared to that of control. Number of storage roots, their length and diameter and yield plant^-1 was also reduced with increasing salinity levels. Among the cultivars JB, Kamalasundari, and J7 grew well at 12.6 dSm^-1 salinity than Daulatpuri and J1. Yields of storage roots per plant in J7, JB and Kamalasundari were significantly higher both in control and saline conditions over Daulatpuri and J1. Among the cultivars J7 was the best tolerant to salinity at 12.6 dS m^-1followed by Kamalasundari in the present study.

Keywords: Salinity, Growth, Yield, Sweet potato

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sweet potato

Objectives:

Objective of the study was to investigate the growth and yield performance of five cultivars of sweet potato in different saline levels, which might help in selecting suitable cultivar for salt prone areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

A pot culture experiment was carried out in Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. The soil used in pots was collected from the BINA farm, belongs to the Sonatala series of the Agro-ecological zone Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain (AEZ-9). The pH value, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil were 6.44, 6.78 meq/100 g soil and 0.7 dSm^-1 respectively. Earthen pots having 24.5 cm diameter at the top, 14 cm at the bottom and 20.8 cm depth were used. Each pot was filled with 8 kg sun dried and weed free soil. A polythene lining was provided inside the pots and the plants were protected from rain by keeping polythene cover on the netting of the pot yard. Cowdung, N, P and K of 81.8 g, 500 mg, 425 mg and 920 mg were used in each pot, respectively at the rate of 10 tons cowdung, 61kg nitrogen, 52 kg phosphorus and 112 kg potassium per hectare. At the beginning of pot preparation full doses of cowdung, phosphorus, potassium and half dose of nitrogen were mixed with the soil. The rest half dose of N was top dressed in two equal installments at 20 and 50 days after planting (DAP). The vine cuttings of sweet potato cultivars namely Kamalasundari, Daulatpuri (Bangladeshi), and JB, J1 and J7 (Japanese) were used in the present study. The length, of the cuttings was 25 ± 2 cm long containing six to seven nodes. To develop salinity of 4 dS m^-1, 8 dS m^-1, and 12 dS m^-1 in 8 kg of soil, 20.51 g, 41.02 g and 61.53 g of curd salt (NaCl) were added following the formula of Michael (1978); Ponnamperuma, (1984). In pots soil under control no salt was added. Salinity treatments were imposed in two installments in all pots except pots under control. Thus 50% of salt was mixed in soil of pots during pot mixture preparation and the rest 50% of salt was dissolved into one litre of tap water and then poured uniformly into the pots to get homogenous distribution after 1 month of vine transplantation. Thus ambient salinity levels (EC) were actually attained after 2nd application of salt. The salinity levels attained were 0.7dS m^-1 (in control where no salt added), 4.6 dS m^-1, 8.6 dS m^-1 and 12.6 dSm^-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications. The vines were planted on 18 March 2002 and irrigated lightly on the day of plantation. Then, more six irrigation was given in all pots at 10 days interval, which followed by soil mulching and weeding after each irrigation. There was no pest and disease infestation in plant of pots. The soil sampling was done before and after salt treatment and electrical conductivity (EC), pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were measured. EC was measured by the electrical conductivity bridge at room temperature and calculated to the standard temperature of 25°C. The pH and CEC of initial soil were analyzed following the method of Jackson (1982) and (Black 1965) respectively. The data were collected from all plants to estimate length of vine, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant etc. Two harvests were done at 115 and 150 DAP and dry weight of yield were taken after drying the materials at 80^oC for 72 hours. The leaf area per plant was measured by electronic leaf area meter (Model LI-3000, USA) at every harvest of the sample plants. The collected data were analyzed statistically to find out the level of significance by using the MSTAT-C Package programme developed by Russel, (1986). The mean differences were evaluated finally by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) at 5 % level of significance.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 16(1) : 85-91, 2005; ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the 5 cultivars, JB and J7 as imported cultivar and kamalasundary as local variety were salt tolerant. Among these 3 cultivars, J7 was the best to be introduced in saline prone areas for higher yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal