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Substrate Based Trichoderma Harzianum Bio-fungicides Control Damping-off Disease (rhizoctonia Solani) of Cauliflower in Seed Bed

M. I. Faruk
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to elucidate the efficacy of individual and mixed substrates i.e. rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran and their combination with mustard oilcake (MOC), based Trichoderma harzianum bio - fungicides as a seedbed treatment were tested against damping off or root - rot in cauliflower caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn during three consecutive growing seasons (2011 - 2012, 2012 - 2013, and 2013 - 2014) in the net house of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the native isolate of Trichoderma harzianum to promote the growth parameters of cauliflower and to manage damping off disease under seed bed conditions.The results of seed bed experiments revealed that four combinations of substrate based T. harzianum bio - fungicides such as (1) rice bran, (2) rice bran + wheat bran, (3) rice bran + wheat bran + mustard oil cake (MOC), and (4) rice bran + wheat bran + grasspea bran +MOC were suitable for controlling the soil borne seedling disease ( R. solani ) of cauliflower in seed bed soil conditions. Under seed bed conditions all treatments significantly reduced percent root - rot disease incidence over control. Seedbed treatment with T. harzianum along with different substrate performed better in terms of seed germination, seedling height, and root growth. However, seed bed treated with T. harzianum showed significant reduction in root - rot disease incidence of cauliflower .

Keywords: Biocontrol, Cauliflower, Grasspea ban, Mustard oilcake, Rice bran, Wheat bran, Damping off

Location: Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Cauliflower

Objectives:

To study the effect of seed bed treatment with T. harzianum and the combined effect with MOC and different substrate as a treatment in soil against Rhizoctonia root - rot of cauliflower.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted to assay the suitability of different carrier materials for mass multiplication of T. harzianum to be used as bio - fungicides for controlling the seedling mortality disease of cauliflower caused by R. solani in seedbed under net house condition of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the years from 2010 to 2014. The required amount of barley grains were completely colonized with pathogenic fungus R. solani in Erlenmeyer flak and it was incorporated with the seedbed soils @100 g/m² soil. The inoculated seedbed soil was then allowed to grow R. solani for 10 days with proper soil moisture. Seventy two isolates of T. harzianum were obtained from different location of Bangladesh and th eir efficacy was tested against different soil borne pathogens including R. solani in the laboratory. Few isolates of T. harzianum including TM7 were found more vigorous to suppress the soil borne pathogens. A pure culture of T. harzianum (TM7) was grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium which was used as inoculums of bio - fungicide. Rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran and their combination with mustard oilcake (MOC) were used as substrates for mass multiplication of T. harzianum. The treatment (substrates) combinations of the experiment were T₁ = Rice bran, T₂ = Wheat bran, T₃ = Grasspea bran, T₄ = Rice bran + Wheat bran (1:1), T₅ =Rice bran + Grasspea bran (1:1), T₆ = Rice bran + Mustard oilcake (1:1), T₇ = Rice bran + Wheat bran + MOC (1:1:1), T₈ = Rice bran + Grasspea bran + MOC (1:1:1), T₉ = Wheat bran + Grasspea bran + MOC (1:1:1), T₁₀ = Rice bran + Wheat bran + Grass pea bran+ MOC(1:1:1:1), T₁₁ =Seed treatment with provax and T₁₂ = Control. According to the treatment combinations 600 g of individual or combin ation of substrate materials were taken separately in 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The flask with substrate materials were sterilized in an autoclave at 121 °C for 15 minutes and cooled down to make it ready for inoculation. The sterilized substrate was inoculated individually with 5 mm diameter mycelia disc of five - day old culture of T. harzianum grown on PDA and then incubated at 25±2 °C for 15 days. After incubation the colonized substrates were removed from the flasks and air dried and finally preserved in refrigerator at 10 °C. The colonized substrates were incorporated separately with the previously R. solani inoculated seedbed soils @100 g/m² soil and kept for 7 days with proper soil moisture to ensure the establishment of T. harzianum in the soil. The control bed did not receive any colonized substrate except the inoculum of R. solani. The seeds of cauliflower were sown in the seedbed @ 200 seeds per treatment . The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Proper weeding, irrigation and intercultural operations were done to raise cauliflower seedlings in the seedbed. Data were collected on percent seedling emergence, seedling mortality, shoot height, shoot weight, root length and root weight of cauliflower seedlings. The data were analyzed statistically by using the MSTATC program. The treatment effects were compared by applying the least significant different (LSD) test at p=0.05 level.

Source of Information: International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, Volume 4, Issue (3): 1-10, (2016), ISSN 2348–0319

Article Link (Online Journal): http://journalijiar.com/uploads/2016-04-05_123136_808.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Pre - emergence and post - emergence seedling mortality is the most common and prevalent disease of vegetable seedlings which affects seed germination and seedling survival. The findings of the present study indicate that T. harzianum based biofungicides formulated in different carrier materials have promising effect against soil borne seedling disease of cauliflower caused by R. solani in the seed bed soil conditions. Among the different tested carrier materials, rice bran based five combination of carrier materials of T. harzianum bio - fungicides such as (1) rice bran + wheat bran, (2) rice bran + mustard oilcake (MOC) (3) rice bran + grasspea bran, (4) rice bran + wheat bran + MOC and (5) rice bran + grasspea bran + MOC showed promising effect in reducing percent seedling mortality, increasing germination and growth characters viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length and root weight of cauliflower seedlings in R. solani inoculated seed bed soil conditions. The T. harzianum bio - fungicides in fungi management could reduce over dependence on one source of agricultural chemicals to the farmers as well as reduce the production cost.

Knowledge Management: Journal