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Effect of Seed Treatment Practices in Controlling of Seed-borne Fungi in Sorghum

M. M. I. Masum
Lecturer
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602.

S. M. M. Islam
Scientific Officer
Soil Microbiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701.

M. G. A. Fakir
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness in controlling seed borne fungi associated with sorghum seeds obtained from two locations at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. All the five seed treatment practices used viz. hot water treatment, garlic tablet, neem leaf extract, BAU- Biofungicide and Vitavax-200 reduced significantly the total seed-borne fungal infections as well as the population of individual six target pathogenic fungi- Agrostis tenuis, Bipolaris sorghicola, Botrytis cinerea, Crinum graminicola, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme. Increased germination higher than the national standard (>80.0%) was also obtained in all the treatments over the untreated control. Vitavax-200 gave the best result in controlling seed-borne infection of all the individual target pathogenic fungi followed by garlic tablet, hot water treatment and neem leaf extract. Neem leaf extract gave over 90.0% reduction in seed-borne infection of B. sorghicola and C. lunata out of the six target pathogenic fungi. BAU-Biofungicide gave the lowest control of total seed-borne fungal infections (61.6 - 62.3%) as well as seed-borne infection of all the individual target pathogenic fungi (<80.0%).

Keywords: Seed treatment practice, Control, Seed borne fungi, Sorghum

Location: Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-03-2006

End Date: 00-10-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Sorghum

Objectives:

To study the effectiveness in controlling seed borne fungi associated with sorghum.

Methodology:

The study was carried out at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from March to October, 2006. Out of eight different seed samples (Jamalpur, Kushtia, Mymensingh, Pabna, Rajbari, Rajshahi, Savar and Sherpur) of sorghum analyzed, two samples viz. Mymensingh having lowest germination (65.0%) and Sherpur having highest germination (82.5%), were selected for seed treatment study based on the germination and seed borne infections of fungal pathogens present in the seed samples, and six fungi ( Alternaria tenuis, B. sorghicola, Botrytis cinerea, C. graminicola, Curvularia lunata and F. moniliforme ) out of nine seed-borne fungi detected by Blotter method following the International Rules for Seed Testing Association (ISTA, 2001) were selected for the seed treatment study. Four hundred seeds for each sample were sown in 4 trays (100 seeds per tray) for germination test. Five seed treatment practices used for controlling seed-borne infection of the target pathogenic fungi were - seed treatment with hot water; seed treatment with plant extracts (a) garlic tablet and (b) neem leaf extract; seed treatment with BAU bio-fungicide; and seed treatments with Vitavax-200. The modified method of hot water seed treatment prescribed was used in the present study. In hot water method the seeds were presoaked for 5h in tap water, and then placed in hot water for 10 min at 55°C in a thermostatically controlled hot water bath. Garlic tablets collected from the IPM laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh were dissolved in sterile water for 15 min. For homogenous mixture, the solution was stirred. For preparation of the extracts, 25 g of the neem leaves were taken in a clean mortar and pestle and grounded without water. The pulverized plant tissues were squeezed through three folds of fine cloths and then the filtrate was used as an extract. The dilution doses of plant extract (seed: solution) used 1:1(w/v) were prepared adding sterile water to the filtrate. Then the seeds were dipped in the dilution doses for about 30 min. The seeds were treated with the single dose of BAU-Biofungicide @ 1:40 w/v (BAU-Biofungicide: seed) following the method moistening the seeds with rice broth. The dose of the Vitavax-200 (5,6 dithydro-2-methyl-1-4-oxathiin-3 carboxanilide) used was 0.3% of seed weight for 10 - 15 min for proper coating of the fungicide. Appropriate control was maintained in case of all the above mentioned five seed treatment practices used. The seed-borne infection of fungal pathogens and the germination were recorded after 7 days and continued for 14 days. Data on these two parameters recorded on the 14 th day of incubation were taken into final account. Data on both seed-borne infection of fungal pathogens and germination were expressed in percentages and the data were analyzed following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD).

Source of Information: Scientific Research and Essay Vol. 4 (1), pp. 022-027, January, 2009, ISSN 1992-2248

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380719577_Masum%20et%20al%20Pdf.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the present seed treatment study, it may be concluded that among the five seed treatment practices, Vitavax-200 may be recommended for treatment practices in con- trolling seed-borne fungal pathogens of sorghum seeds. But the chemical should be used with caution as it is costly, hazardous to health and environment. Garlic tablet and hot water treatment may also be advocated for control of seed-borne fungal pathogens in sorghum as they are cheap, environment friendly and non hazardous to human and animal health. The eco-friendly and non hazardous neem leaf extract seed treatment practice may also be recommended for control of specific seed-borne pathogen, C. lunata and B. sorghicola in the crop.

Knowledge Management: Journal