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Incidence and Severity of Brown Spot (bs) and Bacterial Leaf Blight (blb) in Hybrid and Inbreed Rice Varieties in Bangladesh

Sania A. R.
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Hossain M. B.
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Aminuzzaman F. M.
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Amith P. S.
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Sydujjaman S. M.
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in the Agronomy Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Five hybrid varieties namely BRRI Hybrid Dhan2, BRRI Hybrid Dhan3, Aloran, Jagoran, Shakti 2 and five inbreed varieties namely BRRI Dhan28, BRRI Dhan29, BRRI Dhan50, BINA8 and BINA10 were evaluated against incidence and severity of brown spot (BS) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseases at three growth stages (40 DAT, 60 DAT and 80 DAT). The effect of diseases on yield and yield contributing characters were also observed. The incidence and severity of diseases varied significantly from one another. All the varieties were infected by brown spot and bacterial leaf blight diseases under field condition. Among hybrid varieties, the highest disease incidence and severity of brown spot was found in Aloran (incidence in hill, leaf, grain and severity in leaf 19.74, 6.62, 18.09 and 1.740% respectively) and BLB was recorded in Shakti 2 (incidence in hill, leaf and severity in leaf 16.670, 4.037 and 0.4664 respectively). The lowest incidence and severity of both diseases viz. BS and BLB were observed in BRRI Hybrid Dhan2. The highest yield was found in BRRI Hybrid Dhan2 (10.466 t/ha) and the lowest in Aloran (5.574t/ha) and Shakti 2 (7.434t/ha). Incase of inbreed varieties, the highest incidence and sevirity of brown spot was found in BRRI Dhan29 (incidence in hill, leaf, grain and severity in leaf 16.66, 7.23, 19.29 and 1.413% respectively) and BLB was recorded in BRRI Dhan28 (incidence in hill, leaf and severity in leaf 9.487, 3.892 and 0.4639% respectively). The lowest incidence and severity of brown spot was observed in BRRI Dhan50 and BLB was found in BINA10. The highest yield (8.926 t/ha) was recorded in BRRI Dhan50 and BINA10 while the lowest was recorded in BRRI Dhan28 (4.746 t/ha) and BRRI Dhan29 (5.434 t/ha. In case of both diseases, it was observed that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased with the age of the plant and minimum incidence and severity gave the maximum yield.

Keywords: Rice, Brown Spot, Bacterial Leaf Blight, Hybrid rice

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2013

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

1. To estimate the incidence and severity of brown spot and bacterial leaf blight of rice.

2. To determine the effect of these diseases on the yield and yield contributing characters.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh during the period from December, 2013 to June, 2014. We were selected five hybrid varieties viz. BRRI Hybrid Dhan2, BRRI Hybrid Dhan3, Aloran, Jagoran, Shakti-2 and five inbreed varieties viz. BRRI Dhan28, BRRI Dhan29, BRRI Dhan50, BINA8, BINA 10, of rice which are mostly cultivated in Boro season in Bangladesh. Seeds were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and BRAC center, Gazipur. Seeds were soaked in ten different plastic pots separately with tap water for 24 hrs. Before sowing in seed bed and earthen pot, seeds were taken out from water followed by put in ten different gunny bags and kept at room temperature for 72 hours for sprouting followed by sown in well prepared wet seed bed. Seedlings were properly taken care of and removed weeds. Irrigation was given in the seed bed as and when necessary.

The land was prepared with the help of power tiller and harrow. The final ploughing was performed with the help of power tiller followed by laddering in order to level the soil surface. Weeds and stubble were removed from the land. Fertilizers were applied as per recommendation of BRRI, 2004. All fertilizers, except 2/3 urea, were incorporated with soil during final land preparation. Rest of the urea was applied in equal two installments at 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Blocks were representing the replication. Each block comprised 10 unit plot and total number of plots were 30 (10 X 3=30). Size of each unit plot was 2.5x2.0 = 5.0 m². The distance between unit plots was 0.70 m and block 1m. Bipolaris oryzae was isolated from infected leaves by using tissue planting method according to standard protocol. Some diseased rice seeds were also selected randomly and these seeds assessed for the detection of seed borne fungi Bipolaris oryzae through blotter paper and potato dextrose agar plate method followed by ISTA. The experiment was conducted at Seed Health Testing Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, SAU and surface sterilization was done with the 0.1 % HgCl₂. After 7-10 days of incubation, the fungus grown on culture media. A portion of culture was taken on slide and observed under compound microscope and identified the pathogenic structures i.e. Bipolaris oryzae with the help of relevant literature. A portion of culture was taken by inoculating needle on another sterile PDA plate. A small portion from the sub-culture was inoculated to another PDA plate for pure culture. The fungus, thus purified, was kept in refrigerator for future use. All these operations were done aseptically in the laminar air flow chamber. The pure culture was examined at 10x and 40x magnification to identify the fungus.The data on different characters were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance to find out the variation resulting from experimental treatments. The analysis was done using MSTAT-C software. Mean differences among the treatments were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: American Association for Science and Technology, Journal of Biology 2015; 1(4): 55-64

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From present study it has been observed that, all the varieties were developed brown spot and bacterial leaf blight disease under field condition. Among hybrid varieties the highest incidence and severity of brown spot was found in Aloran and BLB was found in Shakti 2.The lowest incidence and severity of brown spot and BLB was recorded in BRRI Hybrid Dhan2.The highest yield was found in BRRI Hybrid Dhan2 and the lowest was recorded in Aloran and Shakti 2. In case of inbreed varieties, the highest incidence and severity of brown spot was found in BRRI Dhan29 and BLB was found in BRRI Dhan28.The lowest incidence and severity of brown spot was recorded in BRRI Dhan50 and BLB was observed in BINA10. The highest yield was recorded in BRRI Dhan50 and BINA10 and lowest was found in BRRI Dhan28 and BRRI Dhan29. From this investigation it has been proved that the currently most cultivated hybrid and inbreed rice varieties are naturally got infection by brown spot and BLB. So, different measures should be taken to control the diseases and to increase the yield. Moreover, further study will be required to find out the effect of different varieties on incidence and severity of brown spot and BLB under different agro-ecological zones.

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