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Effect of Long-term Chemical and Organic Fertilization on Rice Productivity, Nutrient Use-efficiency and Balance Under a Rice-fallow-rice System

Md Mozammel Haque
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Jatish C Biswas
CSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

M R Islam
CSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

A Islam
CSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

MS Kabir
DG
Agriculture Statistics Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Nutrient sources and management influence soil properties and crop productivity indicating that sustained crop production needs nutrient rate specific tuning after certain periods of time. Yield and nutrient use efficiencies have not been evaluated in Bangladesh from long-term fertilizer trials focusing adaptation strategies for sustained food production. So, the objectives of the present investigation were to examine the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on yields and soil properties under a rice-fallow-rice system. The experiment was initiated in 1985 with 12 treatments under dry season irrigated rice culture at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. The effects of organic and inorganic nutrient sources were evaluated under missing element techniques. The contributions of N, P and K fertilizers to yields were more in dry season but the role of P was negligible in wet season. The omissions of N, P and K nutrients are not suitable management option for rice cultivation during dry and wet seasons, although P can be omitted in wet season provided its full dose is applied in dry season. Combined use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources are the best option for improving rice productivity and sustaining soil fertility in a rice-fallow-rice system in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Soil fertility recovery, Nutrient contribution, Soil fertility, Carbon sequestration

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-00-1985

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

Objectives of this investigation were to find out the causes of rice yield stagnation and to improve nutrient use-efficiency for sustained crop production in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The long-term fertilizer trial was initiated in 1985 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh situated at 23⁰85.9`N and 90⁰82.4`E having elevation of 12 m. Annual rainfall is approximately 2000 mm of which 80% is concentrated during wet season (mid-June to end of September). The soil of the experimental field is Chhiata clay loam, a member of the fine, Hyperthermic Vertic Endaquept. Treatments, design and fertilization: The experiment was initiated in dry season of 1985 on a permanent layout at the BRRI farm, Gazipur. Twelve treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCB design) with four replications were imposed (Haque et al., 2016, 2017). But we have considered only NPKSZn, PKSZn (-N), NKSZn (-P), NPSZn (-K), NPKZn (-S), NPKS (-Zn) and control treatments for our analyses and interpretations of findings. Since organic amendments (Cow dung, poultry manure and vermicompost) were used from 2009 to 2017, we have taken those treatments for comparison of rice yields with chemical fertilizers.In dry season, NPKSZn @ 120-25-35-20-5 kg ha^-1 was used; but in wet season (rainfed rice crop) it was 100-25-35-20-5 kg ha^-1 up to 2008. After 2008, NPKSZn was used @ 138-10-80-5-5 kg ha^-1 and 100-10-80-5-5 kg ha^-1, for dry and wet seasons, respectively based on soil test. In dry 2009-2010, organic materials were used with +PK, +SZn, +KSZn, +PSZn and +PKSZn treatments. Nitrogen as urea, P as triple super phosphate, K as muriate of potash, S as gypsum and Zn as zinc chloride were used as inorganic nutrient sources. Organic nutrient sources used for selected treatments were vermicompost (VC, 2 t ha^-1), saw dust (SD, 3 t ha^-1), cow dung (CD, 3 t ha^-1), mixed manure (CD: PM: SD: VC = 1: 1: 1: 0.5) and poultry manure (PM, 2 t ha^-1) in +PSZn, +KSZn, +PK, and +PKSZn treatments. Only N @ 138 kg ha^-1 was applied as top dress in organic nutrient added plots. During 1985-2008, BR3 and BR11 were used as indicator crop variety in dry and wet seasons, respectively. From 2009 onward BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan49 were used in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Rice seedlings were transplanted in the first week of January and harvested in May for dry season and wet season rice was transplanted in the first week of August and harvested in the third week of November. Two to three rice seedlings (45–50 days old in dry season and 25–35 days old in wet season) were transplanted at 20-x 20-cm spacing. Urea N was applied in three equal splits at final land preparation, active tillering stage and 5-7 days before panicle initiation (PI) stage. Rests of the fertilizers were applied at final land preparation.

Source of Information: Journal of Plant Nutrition Volume 42, 2019 - Issue 20

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Applications of inorganic chemical fertilizers continuously for rice production resultant in a yield plateau after 10 years for rice-fallow-rice system, which was broken by using cow dung, vermicompost and poultry manure. Although soil test based P and K was used, there was P build up but K mining was observed in both the seasons. These clearly indicate that P fertilizer rate needs to be adjusted based on annual requirements of the crops after about 10-12 years. On the other hand, K rate needs to be tuned up frequently based on soil-plant response study. The benefit of added S and Zn are diminishing indicating that these two fertilizers need to be applied depending on locations and indigenous supply capacity of the soils. Moreover, organic amendments can be beneficial in maintaining soil and environmental health through recycling of degradable agricultural wastes. Only inorganic fertilizers in a balanced dose can maintain rice productivity up to 9–10 years. So, organic amendments are essential for sustaining crop productivity and improvement of soil health.

Knowledge Management: Journal